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Indian History MCQs 71 (For UPSC PSC and other prelims exams)

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1. Consider the following statements regarding the arrival of Europeans in India:

  1. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to establish a trading post in India.
  2. Vasco da Gama arrived in Calicut in 1498.
  3. The British East India Company was the first European company to set up a factory in India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • The Portuguese were the first Europeans to establish a trading post in India, beginning in Calicut in 1498. ✅
  • Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer, landed at Calicut in 1498. ✅
  • The British East India Company was established later, but the Portuguese were the first to set up a factory. ❌

2. With reference to the Battle of Plassey (1757), consider the following statements:

  1. It was fought between the British East India Company and the forces of Siraj-ud-Daulah.
  2. Robert Clive’s alliance with Mir Jafar played a crucial role in the British victory.
  3. The battle led to the immediate annexation of Bengal by the British.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • The Battle of Plassey (1757) was fought between Siraj-ud-Daulah and the British under Robert Clive. ✅
  • Mir Jafar, a commander in the Nawab’s army, betrayed Siraj-ud-Daulah, ensuring the British victory. ✅
  • The British gained control over Bengal’s administration, but formal annexation happened later. ❌

3. Consider the following statements regarding the Permanent Settlement system introduced by the British:

  1. It was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793.
  2. Under this system, landlords (zamindars) were responsible for collecting and paying revenue to the British.
  3. It improved the condition of Indian peasants.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • Lord Cornwallis introduced the Permanent Settlement in 1793 in Bengal and Bihar. ✅
  • The zamindars were made responsible for revenue collection, creating a new class of landlords. ✅
  • It burdened the peasants with high taxes and often led to their exploitation. ❌

4. Consider the following statements regarding the Regulating Act of 1773:

  1. It was the first step toward the regulation of British administration in India.
  2. It established the office of the Governor-General of Bengal.
  3. It introduced separate legislatures for Bengal, Bombay, and Madras.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • The Regulating Act of 1773 was the first British law that sought to regulate the East India Company’s administration. ✅
  • It created the office of the Governor-General of Bengal, with Warren Hastings as the first incumbent. ✅
  • It did not introduce separate legislatures; legislative power remained centralized in the Governor-General’s Council. ❌

5. With reference to the Charter Act of 1813, consider the following statements:

  1. It ended the trade monopoly of the British East India Company in India, except for tea and trade with China.
  2. It provided for the promotion of education in India.
  3. It introduced provisions for the appointment of Indians to government positions.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • The Charter Act of 1813 ended the trade monopoly of the East India Company, except for trade in tea and with China. ✅
  • It allocated funds for the promotion of education in India. ✅
  • It did not introduce provisions for Indians in government jobs; that came with later acts. ❌

6. Consider the following statements regarding the Revolt of 1857:

  1. It began as a sepoy mutiny in the Bengal army.
  2. The revolt saw active participation from peasants, landlords, and common people.
  3. The British completely lost control over North India during the revolt.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • The revolt started as a sepoy mutiny in Meerut and soon spread across North India. ✅
  • It included wide participation from different sections of Indian society. ✅
  • The British lost control over some areas but eventually regained power after brutal suppression. ❌

7. With reference to the Government of India Act, 1858, consider the following statements:

  1. It ended the rule of the British East India Company in India.
  2. It introduced the office of the Secretary of State for India.
  3. It introduced representative government in India for the first time.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • The Government of India Act, 1858 abolished the East India Company’s rule and transferred power directly to the British Crown. ✅
  • It created the office of the Secretary of State for India to oversee Indian administration. ✅
  • It did not introduce representative government; that came with the Indian Councils Act of 1861. ❌

8. Consider the following statements regarding the Indian Councils Act of 1892:

  1. It introduced the principle of representation for Indians in legislative councils.
  2. It allowed indirect election of Indians to legislative bodies.
  3. It provided full autonomy to the provinces in administration.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • The Act allowed for the indirect election of Indians to legislative councils. ✅
  • It introduced representation but in a limited form. ✅
  • It did not provide full autonomy to provinces; that happened later under the Government of India Act, 1935. ❌

 

9. Consider the following statements regarding the Partition of Bengal (1905):

  1. It was implemented by Lord Curzon primarily for administrative convenience.
  2. The Swadeshi Movement was launched in response to the partition.
  3. The partition was annulled in 1911.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (d) 1, 2, and 3

📖 Explanation:

  • Lord Curzon partitioned Bengal, citing administrative efficiency, but it was seen as an attempt to divide Hindus and Muslims. ✅
  • The Swadeshi Movement emerged as a strong nationalist response, promoting boycott of British goods. ✅
  • Due to widespread protests, the British annulled the partition in 1911. ✅

10. With reference to the Surat Split (1907) within the INC, consider the following statements:

  1. It was a division between the Moderates and the Extremists.
  2. The Moderates, led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, sought gradual reforms.
  3. The split strengthened the freedom movement by uniting different factions.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • The Surat Split occurred due to ideological differences between the Moderates and Extremists. ✅
  • Moderates like Gokhale advocated constitutional methods, while Extremists like Tilak demanded Swaraj. ✅
  • The split weakened the freedom struggle for a few years by dividing the movement. ❌

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