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Indian History MCQs 57 (For UPSC PSC and other prelims exams)

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61. Consider the following statements regarding the Sikh Gurus:

  1. Guru Arjan was the first Sikh Guru to be martyred.
  2. Guru Gobind Singh introduced the concept of the Khalsa.
  3. The Guru Granth Sahib was compiled by Guru Nanak.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • Guru Arjan was executed by Emperor Jahangir in 1606, making him the first Sikh martyr. ✅
  • Guru Gobind Singh established the Khalsa in 1699, formalizing the Sikh warrior tradition. ✅
  • The Guru Granth Sahib was compiled by Guru Arjan, not Guru Nanak. ❌

62. With reference to the Vijayanagara Empire, consider the following statements:

  1. The empire was known for its well-planned cities and irrigation systems.
  2. The rulers of Vijayanagara patronized Telugu, Kannada, and Sanskrit literature.
  3. The Bahmani Sultanate was its major trading partner.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • Vijayanagara had well-planned cities, including Hampi, with advanced irrigation systems. ✅
  • The rulers patronized Telugu, Kannada, and Sanskrit literature. ✅
  • The Bahmani Sultanate was a rival, not a major trading partner, of Vijayanagara. ❌

63. Consider the following statements regarding medieval trade and economy:

  1. The Portuguese controlled the spice trade in India before the British.
  2. The Dutch established the first European trading factory in India.
  3. The Mughals extensively traded with the Ottoman Empire.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only

📖 Explanation:

  • The Portuguese dominated the spice trade in the Indian Ocean before the arrival of the British. ✅
  • The Portuguese, not the Dutch, were the first Europeans to establish a factory in India (Calicut, 1502). ❌
  • The Mughals had extensive trade relations with the Ottoman Empire. ✅

 

64. Consider the following statements regarding the Delhi Sultanate:

  1. The introduction of the Iqta system helped in decentralizing administration.
  2. Balban introduced the Persian concept of ‘Divine Kingship’ to strengthen his authority.
  3. The Lodi dynasty ruled Delhi before the Khaljis.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • The Iqta system assigned land to nobles and officials in exchange for administrative and military service. ✅
  • Balban introduced the Persian idea of ‘Divine Kingship’ to establish the supremacy of the Sultan. ✅
  • The Lodi dynasty came after the Sayyid dynasty and ruled before the Mughals, not before the Khaljis. ❌

65. With reference to the Mughal Empire, consider the following statements:

  1. Babur established the Mughal rule in India after defeating Rana Sanga.
  2. Aurangzeb introduced the Jizya tax, which was abolished by Akbar.
  3. The Mughal capital was permanently shifted to Delhi during Akbar’s reign.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • Babur defeated Rana Sanga at the Battle of Khanwa (1527), consolidating Mughal power. ✅
  • Aurangzeb reimposed the Jizya tax in 1679, which had been abolished by Akbar. ✅
  • The Mughal capital was permanently shifted to Delhi by Shah Jahan, not Akbar. ❌

66. Consider the following statements regarding the Marathas:

  1. The Chauth tax was collected by the Marathas from territories under their protection.
  2. The Treaty of Bassein (1802) was signed between the Marathas and the British.
  3. The Peshwas were the hereditary prime ministers of the Maratha Empire.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (d) 1, 2, and 3

📖 Explanation:

  • The Marathas collected Chauth (25% tax) from areas under their protection. ✅
  • The Treaty of Bassein (1802) was signed between Peshwa Baji Rao II and the British, leading to the Second Anglo-Maratha War. ✅
  • The Peshwas were hereditary prime ministers, with the most notable being Baji Rao I. ✅

67. Consider the following statements regarding the Sikh Gurus:

  1. Guru Nanak founded Sikhism in the 15th century.
  2. Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed by Aurangzeb for opposing religious persecution.
  3. Guru Gobind Singh was the last human Guru of Sikhism.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (d) 1, 2, and 3

📖 Explanation:

  • Guru Nanak founded Sikhism in the 15th century, emphasizing devotion to one God. ✅
  • Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed by Aurangzeb in 1675 for defending religious freedom. ✅
  • Guru Gobind Singh was the last human Guru; he declared Guru Granth Sahib as the eternal Guru of the Sikhs. ✅

68. With reference to the Vijayanagara Empire, consider the following statements:

  1. The empire was known for its extensive trade with Persia and Portugal.
  2. Krishnadevaraya was one of the greatest rulers of Vijayanagara.
  3. The empire collapsed after the Battle of Talikota in 1565.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (d) 1, 2, and 3

📖 Explanation:

  • Vijayanagara had extensive trade relations with Persia, Portugal, and Southeast Asia. ✅
  • Krishnadevaraya was a great ruler, known for his military conquests and literary patronage. ✅
  • The empire declined after the Battle of Talikota (1565), where it was defeated by the Deccan Sultanates. ✅

69. Consider the following statements regarding medieval trade and economy:

  1. The Portuguese controlled the spice trade in India before the Dutch and the British.
  2. The Mughal Empire had a flourishing trade with the Ottoman Empire.
  3. The East India Company established its first factory in India at Surat.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (d) 1, 2, and 3

📖 Explanation:

  • The Portuguese dominated the spice trade before the Dutch and British arrived. ✅
  • The Mughal Empire engaged in extensive trade with the Ottoman Empire. ✅
  • The British East India Company established its first factory in Surat in 1613. ✅

70. Consider the following statements regarding medieval society and culture:

  1. The Bhakti movement emphasized personal devotion to God rather than rituals.
  2. The Sufi saints in India were influenced by Persian and Central Asian traditions.
  3. The Bhakti and Sufi movements promoted social equality and harmony.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (d) 1, 2, and 3

📖 Explanation:

  • The Bhakti movement focused on personal devotion and rejected caste-based rituals. ✅
  • Sufi saints brought Islamic mysticism from Persia and Central Asia to India. ✅
  • Both movements challenged social hierarchy and promoted religious harmony. ✅

 

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