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Indian History MCQs 56 (For UPSC PSC and other prelims exams)

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51. Consider the following statements regarding medieval trade and economy:

  1. The Mughal Empire had extensive trade relations with the Portuguese.
  2. The Dutch established the first European trading factory in India.
  3. The Jagirdari system was a land revenue system used under the Mughals.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only

📖 Explanation:

  • The Mughals had trade relations with the Portuguese, especially in textiles and spices. ✅
  • The Portuguese were the first Europeans to establish a trading factory in India (Calicut, 1502), not the Dutch. ❌
  • The Jagirdari system was a land revenue system where nobles were assigned land in exchange for military service. ✅

 

52. Consider the following statements regarding the Delhi Sultanate:

  1. Balban introduced the Persian court practices of ‘Sijdah’ and ‘Paibos’.
  2. Muhammad bin Tughlaq established a new department called Diwan-i-Kohi for agriculture.
  3. The Lodi dynasty was the first Afghan ruling dynasty of Delhi.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (d) 1, 2, and 3

📖 Explanation:

  • Balban introduced Persian customs like ‘Sijdah’ (prostration) and ‘Paibos’ (kissing the feet of the Sultan) to strengthen the monarchy. ✅
  • Muhammad bin Tughlaq established Diwan-i-Kohi to improve agriculture and promote farming in new areas. ✅
  • The Lodi dynasty was the first Afghan dynasty to rule Delhi. ✅

53. With reference to the Mughal Empire, consider the following statements:

  1. The Mughal currency ‘Rupee’ was introduced by Akbar.
  2. The Treaty of Purandar (1665) was signed between Shivaji and Aurangzeb.
  3. The Mansabdari system was based on numerical ranks assigned to officials.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only

📖 Explanation:

  • Sher Shah Suri introduced the silver ‘Rupee’, which was later continued by the Mughals. ❌
  • The Treaty of Purandar (1665) was signed between Shivaji and Jai Singh I (on behalf of Aurangzeb). ❌
  • The Mansabdari system assigned numerical ranks (zat and sawar) to officials for administration and military purposes. ✅

54. Consider the following statements regarding the Vijayanagara Empire:

  1. The empire was known for its urban planning and irrigation systems.
  2. The rulers promoted temple architecture, including the famous Hazara Rama Temple.
  3. The Battle of Talikota (1565) resulted in the destruction of Hampi.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (d) 1, 2, and 3

📖 Explanation:

  • Vijayanagara had an advanced urban layout, with planned roads, markets, and irrigation tanks. ✅
  • The empire patronized temple architecture, including the Hazara Rama Temple. ✅
  • The Battle of Talikota (1565) led to the destruction and decline of Hampi. ✅

55. Consider the following statements regarding Shivaji and the Marathas:

  1. Shivaji adopted the guerrilla warfare strategy to counter the Mughals.
  2. The Treaty of Purandar (1665) forced Shivaji to surrender forts to the Mughals.
  3. The Maratha Empire reached its peak under Balaji Vishwanath.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • Shivaji effectively used guerrilla tactics against the Mughals and Adilshahi forces. ✅
  • The Treaty of Purandar (1665) forced Shivaji to surrender 23 forts to the Mughals. ✅
  • The Maratha Empire reached its peak under Bajirao I, not Balaji Vishwanath. ❌

56. Consider the following statements regarding medieval trade and economy:

  1. The Mughal economy was largely agrarian, with land revenue being a primary source of income.
  2. The Portuguese controlled the spice trade in India before the British arrived.
  3. The Dutch East India Company established its first factory in India at Pulicat.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (d) 1, 2, and 3

📖 Explanation:

  • The Mughal economy relied heavily on land revenue collection through the Zabti system. ✅
  • The Portuguese dominated the spice trade in the Indian Ocean before the Dutch and British. ✅
  • The Dutch established their first factory at Pulicat in 1609. ✅

57. Consider the following statements regarding the Sikh Gurus:

  1. Guru Gobind Singh abolished the Masand system due to corruption.
  2. Guru Arjan completed the compilation of the Adi Granth.
  3. Guru Nanak traveled extensively to spread his teachings.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (d) 1, 2, and 3

📖 Explanation:

  • Guru Gobind Singh abolished the Masand system due to reports of corruption in collecting donations. ✅
  • Guru Arjan compiled the Adi Granth, the primary scripture of Sikhism. ✅
  • Guru Nanak undertook long journeys (Udasis) across India and beyond to spread his teachings. ✅

 

58. Consider the following statements regarding the Delhi Sultanate:

  1. The Qutub Minar was started by Qutb-ud-din Aibak and completed by Iltutmish.
  2. The Delhi Sultanate introduced the Persian language as the official court language.
  3. The Sayyid dynasty was the last ruling dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • Qutb-ud-din Aibak started the construction of Qutub Minar, and it was completed by Iltutmish. ✅
  • Persian was adopted as the official court language of the Delhi Sultanate. ✅
  • The Lodi dynasty was the last ruling dynasty, not the Sayyid dynasty. ❌

59. With reference to the Mughal Empire, consider the following statements:

  1. Akbar abolished the Jizya tax on non-Muslims.
  2. Shah Jahan built the Moti Masjid in Delhi.
  3. The Mansabdari system was abolished by Aurangzeb.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • Akbar abolished the Jizya tax as part of his policy of religious tolerance. ✅
  • The Moti Masjid (Pearl Mosque) in Delhi was built by Shah Jahan. ✅
  • Aurangzeb did not abolish the Mansabdari system but modified it to suit his military campaigns. ❌

60. Consider the following statements regarding the Marathas:

  1. Shivaji introduced the Ashta Pradhan system of administration.
  2. The Treaty of Purandar (1665) allowed Shivaji to retain all his forts.
  3. The Third Battle of Panipat was fought between the Marathas and the British.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • Shivaji introduced the Ashta Pradhan (Council of Eight Ministers) to manage his administration. ✅
  • The Treaty of Purandar (1665) forced Shivaji to surrender 23 forts to the Mughals but retained 12 forts. ✅
  • The Third Battle of Panipat (1761) was fought between the Marathas and Ahmad Shah Abdali, not the British. ❌

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