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Indian History MCQs 55 (For UPSC PSC and other prelims exams)

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41. With reference to the Mughal Empire, consider the following statements:

  1. Babur defeated Rana Sanga in the Battle of Khanwa (1527).
  2. Akbar introduced the Din-i-Ilahi to integrate various religious beliefs.
  3. Aurangzeb constructed the Jama Masjid in Delhi.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • Babur defeated Rana Sanga at Khanwa (1527), consolidating Mughal rule in India. ✅
  • Akbar introduced the Din-i-Ilahi, a syncretic faith blending elements of Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, and Jainism. ✅
  • The Jama Masjid in Delhi was constructed by Shah Jahan, not Aurangzeb. ❌

42. Consider the following statements regarding the Marathas:

  1. Shivaji was formally crowned as Chhatrapati at Raigad in 1674.
  2. The Chauth tax was collected from territories under Maratha protection.
  3. The Third Battle of Panipat (1761) was fought between the Marathas and the British.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • Shivaji was coronated as Chhatrapati in 1674 at Raigad Fort. ✅
  • Chauth was a 25% tax levied on non-Maratha territories under Maratha protection. ✅
  • The Third Battle of Panipat (1761) was fought between the Marathas and Ahmad Shah Abdali, not the British. ❌

43. Consider the following statements regarding the Sikh Gurus:

  1. Guru Nanak was the founder of Sikhism.
  2. Guru Gobind Singh declared that the Guru Granth Sahib would be the eternal Guru of the Sikhs.
  3. Guru Arjan compiled the Dasam Granth.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • Guru Nanak founded Sikhism in the 15th century. ✅
  • Guru Gobind Singh declared that after him, the Guru Granth Sahib would serve as the eternal Guru of the Sikhs. ✅
  • The Dasam Granth is attributed to Guru Gobind Singh, not Guru Arjan. ❌

44. With reference to the Vijayanagara Empire, consider the following statements:

  1. The empire was founded by Harihara and Bukka in 1336.
  2. The rulers patronized Telugu, Kannada, and Sanskrit literature.
  3. The empire declined after the Battle of Panipat.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • Harihara and Bukka established the Vijayanagara Empire in 1336. ✅
  • The rulers were great patrons of Telugu, Kannada, and Sanskrit literature. ✅
  • The empire declined after the Battle of Talikota (1565), not the Battle of Panipat. ❌

45. Consider the following statements regarding medieval trade and economy:

  1. The Mughal Empire had extensive trade relations with the Safavid Empire.
  2. The Dutch established the first European trading factory in India.
  3. The Jagirdari system was a revenue system under the Delhi Sultanate.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only

📖 Explanation:

  • The Mughals had strong trade ties with the Safavids of Persia. ✅
  • The Portuguese, not the Dutch, were the first Europeans to establish a factory in India (Calicut, 1502). ❌
  • The Jagirdari system was a land revenue system under the Delhi Sultanate and later the Mughals. ✅

 

46. Consider the following statements regarding the Delhi Sultanate:

  1. Alauddin Khilji implemented the Dagh and Chehra system for army reforms.
  2. The Tughlaq dynasty faced severe economic issues due to Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s failed experiments.
  3. The Iqta system was a land revenue system introduced by Firoz Shah Tughlaq.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • Alauddin Khilji introduced the Dagh (branding of horses) and Chehra (detailed soldier records) system to maintain an efficient army. ✅
  • Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s failed policies, like shifting the capital to Daulatabad and token currency, led to economic distress. ✅
  • The Iqta system was introduced by Iltutmish, not Firoz Shah Tughlaq. ❌

47. With reference to the Mughal Empire, consider the following statements:

  1. The Mansabdari system ranked officers based on their Zat and Sawar ranks.
  2. The Zabti system was a land revenue system introduced by Sher Shah Suri.
  3. Aurangzeb banned music and imposed strict Islamic laws during his reign.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only

📖 Explanation:

  • The Mansabdari system categorized officials based on Zat (rank) and Sawar (cavalry strength). ✅
  • The Zabti system (land revenue assessment) was introduced by Akbar, not Sher Shah Suri. ❌
  • Aurangzeb banned music and imposed stricter Islamic policies compared to previous Mughal rulers. ✅

48. Consider the following statements regarding the Marathas:

  1. The Chauth and Sardeshmukhi were revenue systems used by the Marathas.
  2. The Third Battle of Panipat (1761) weakened Maratha power in India.
  3. The Treaty of Salbai (1782) was signed between the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • The Chauth (25% tax) and Sardeshmukhi (additional 10%) were revenue systems used by the Marathas. ✅
  • The Third Battle of Panipat (1761) was a significant loss for the Marathas against Ahmad Shah Abdali. ✅
  • The Treaty of Salbai (1782) was signed between the Marathas and the British, not the Nizam. ❌

49. Consider the following statements regarding the Sikh Gurus:

  1. Guru Nanak emphasized the concept of ‘Ik Onkar’ (One God).
  2. Guru Arjan compiled the Adi Granth, the holy scripture of Sikhism.
  3. Guru Gobind Singh introduced the Kirpan as one of the five K’s of Sikhism.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (d) 1, 2, and 3

📖 Explanation:

  • Guru Nanak emphasized monotheism through the concept of ‘Ik Onkar’ (One God). ✅
  • Guru Arjan compiled the Adi Granth, which later became the Guru Granth Sahib. ✅
  • Guru Gobind Singh introduced the Khalsa and formalized the five K’s, including the Kirpan (dagger). ✅

50. With reference to the Vijayanagara Empire, consider the following statements:

  1. The Hampi ruins of the Vijayanagara Empire are a UNESCO World Heritage site.
  2. The rulers promoted temple architecture, including the Virupaksha and Vithala temples.
  3. The Battle of Talikota (1565) resulted in the complete destruction of Vijayanagara city.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer
✅ Answer: (d) 1, 2, and 3

📖 Explanation:

  • Hampi, the capital of Vijayanagara, is a UNESCO World Heritage site. ✅
  • Vijayanagara rulers built many temples, including Virupaksha and Vithala temples. ✅
  • The Battle of Talikota (1565) led to the sacking and decline of Vijayanagara city. ✅

 

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