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🟠 Topic 97: Role of IMF, World Bank, ADB, AIIB 📌 Introduction The International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, Asian Development Bank (ADB), and Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) play crucial roles in...
🟠 Topic 96: Global Financial Crisis 2008 – Causes & Impact 📌 Introduction The Global Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2008 was the most severe economic downturn since the Great Depression of 1929. It...
🟠 Topic 95: Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 📌 Introduction The Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) is India’s primary source of data on employment, unemployment, and labour force participation. Conducted by the National...
🟠 Topic 94: State of Inequality in India Report 📌 Introduction The State of Inequality in India Report, released in 2022 by the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM), provides a...
🟠 Topic 93: Bare Necessities Index (BNI) 📌 Introduction The Bare Necessities Index (BNI) was introduced in the Economic Survey 2020-21 as a new indicator to assess the access to basic necessities —...
🟠 Topic 94: State of Inequality in India Report 📌 Introduction The State of Inequality in India Report, released in 2022 by the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM), provides a...
🟠 Topic 92: Thalinomics – Economics of Food Plate 📌 Introduction Thalinomics, a term coined in the Economic Survey 2019-20, refers to the economics of the Indian thali (meal plate) — tracking how...
🟠 Topic 91: Economic Survey Key Themes – Wealth Creation, Trust & Markets 📌 Introduction The Economic Survey is the annual flagship document of the Ministry of Finance, presented a day before the...
🟠 Topic 90: Cooperatives & FPOs – Role & Challenges 📌 Introduction Cooperatives and Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) play a critical role in rural development, agricultural growth, and economic empowerment of farmers. These...
🟠 Topic 89: Rural Infrastructure & Development – PMGSY, NRLM 📌 Introduction Rural infrastructure development is a cornerstone of India’s development strategy, aiming to enhance connectivity, livelihoods, and access to basic services. Well-developed roads,...
🟠 Topic 88: MGNREGA – Achievements & Challenges 📌 Introduction The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), enacted in 2005, is one of the world’s largest public employment programmes. It guarantees...
🟠 Topic 87: Poverty Alleviation Programmes – Past & Present 📌 Introduction Poverty alleviation has been at the core of India’s development agenda since Independence. Despite high economic growth in recent decades, poverty...
🟠 Topic 86: Social Security Schemes – EPFO, ESIC, PM-SYM 📌 Introduction Social security is a critical component of welfare governance, aimed at ensuring income protection, health security, and retirement benefits to workers,...
Excellent! Let’s proceed with Topic 85: Skill Development & Employment Generation. Below is the 1000+ words explanation, followed by 5 fully structured Practice MCQs (including 2 and 4 statement-based), with WordPress 2️⃣ DDU-GKY primarily...
🟠 Topic 84: Education & Health Sector – Policies & Challenges 📌 Introduction A strong education and health sector is the foundation for sustainable economic growth, human capital formation, and social development. Investment...
🟠 Topic 83: Gender Budgeting & Women Empowerment 📌 Introduction Gender Budgeting is a governance tool that integrates a gender perspective into the budgeting process, ensuring that policies, programs, and public expenditures actively...
🟠 Topic 82: Financial Inclusion – Jan Dhan, MUDRA, SHGs 📌 Introduction Financial inclusion refers to the delivery of affordable financial services – such as banking, credit, insurance, and pensions – to all...
🟠 Topic 81: Inclusive Growth – Meaning & Importance 📌 Introduction Inclusive Growth is a development approach that aims at ensuring economic growth benefits all sections of society, particularly the marginalised and disadvantaged...
🟠 Topic 80: Circular Economy & Sustainable Practices 📌 Introduction In a linear economy, the production system follows a take-make-dispose model — resources are extracted, products are made, used, and discarded as waste....
🟠 Topic 79: Green GDP & Ecological Footprint 📌 Introduction Traditional economic measures like Gross Domestic Product (GDP) focus solely on economic output without accounting for environmental degradation, resource depletion, or ecological costs....
🟠 Topic 78: Carbon Markets & Carbon Tax 📌 Introduction Carbon pricing mechanisms like Carbon Markets and Carbon Tax are essential economic tools to combat climate change by putting a price on carbon...
🟠 Topic 77: Climate Change & Global Initiatives (Paris Agreement, COP Summits) 📌 Introduction Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns, mainly caused by human activities such as burning...
🟠 Topic 76: Environmental Economics – Key Concepts 📌 Introduction Environmental Economics deals with the study of how economic activities affect the environment and how environmental policies can be designed to address pollution,...
🟠 Topic 75: Labour Reforms & Codes 📌 Introduction Labour laws in India historically evolved to protect workers’ rights, ensure fair wages, and promote industrial harmony. However, the existing framework became complex, fragmented,...
🟠 Topic 74: Ease of Doing Business – India’s Ranking & Reforms 📌 Introduction Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) refers to the regulatory and institutional framework that makes it easier for businesses to...
