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📘 4.3 Influence of Cultural Factors in Socialisation (संस्कृति और सामाजिकरण पर प्रभाव) 🧠 What is Socialisation? Socialisation is the process through which an individual learns the norms, values, beliefs, customs, and social...
📘 4.2 Role of Genetics and Environment in Determining Human Behaviour (मानव व्यवहार में आनुवंशिकता और पर्यावरण की भूमिका) Human behaviour is the result of a complex interplay between two forces: 🧬 Genetics...
📘 4.1 Growth and Development (विकास एवं वृद्धि) 🧠 Definition Though often used interchangeably, Growth and Development are distinct psychological concepts: Term Definition Growth Quantitative changes (like height, weight, brain size) – physical...
📘 3.5 Statistical Techniques in Psychology (मनोविज्ञान में सांख्यिकीय तकनीकें) Statistical techniques are vital in psychology to: Analyze data Test hypotheses Understand relationships between variables Draw meaningful conclusions These tools help psychologists objectively...
📘 3.4 Research Designs: Ex-post facto and Experimental (अनुत्पादक एवं प्रायोगिक अनुसंधान रूपरेखाएँ) 🧠 What is a Research Design? A research design is the blueprint or framework for conducting a study. It outlines:...
📘 3.3 Methods of Data Collection (डेटा संग्रहण की विधियाँ) Collecting data is a crucial step in psychological research, as it provides the raw material for understanding and analyzing human behaviour. The choice...
📘 3.2 Fundamental vs. Applied Research (मौलिक बनाम अनुप्रयुक्त अनुसंधान) 🧠 Introduction Psychological research can be broadly categorized into two types based on its purpose and goal: Fundamental (or Basic) Research: Focuses on...
📘 3.1 Steps in Psychological Research (मनोवैज्ञानिक अनुसंधान के प्रमुख चरण) Research in psychology is a systematic, step-by-step process designed to understand, explain, and sometimes predict human behavior. Each step is interlinked and...
👁️ 2.4 Sensation, Attention and Perception (संवेदना, ध्यान और बोध) Paper 1 – Foundations of Psychology 🧠 Overview This topic explores how we detect, focus on, and interpret sensory information from the environment....
👶 2.3 Development of Human Behaviour (मानव व्यवहार का विकास) 🧠 Introduction Human development refers to the systematic changes and continuities in the individual that occur between conception and death — including physical,...
📊 2.2 Research Methods (अनुसंधान पद्धतियाँ) 🧠 Introduction Psychological research is the scientific and systematic investigation of human behaviour and mental processes. It helps in formulating theories, improving interventions, and guiding policy decisions....
🧪 2.1 Methods of Psychology (मनोविज्ञान की विधियाँ) From Paper 1 – Foundations of Psychology 🧠 Introduction Psychology, as a scientific discipline, relies on systematic methods to understand human behaviour and mental processes....
🌍 1.5 Application of Psychology to Societal Problems (सामाजिक समस्याओं में मनोविज्ञान का अनुप्रयोग) 🧠 Introduction Psychology doesn’t just stay in textbooks or clinics — it’s a powerful tool to understand, prevent, and...
🔗 1.4 Psychology in Relation to Other Social and Natural Sciences (अन्य सामाजिक और प्राकृतिक विज्ञानों से मनोविज्ञान का संबंध) 🧠 Overview Psychology is often called a bridge discipline because it overlaps with...
🧪 1.3 Psychology and Scientific Methods (मनःविज्ञान और वैज्ञानिक पद्धति) 📌 What is the Scientific Method? The scientific method is a systematic, objective, and replicable approach to acquiring knowledge through observation, experimentation, and logical...
🕰️ 1.2 Historical Antecedents of Psychology and Trends in the 21st Century 🔙 Historical Antecedents of Psychology Psychology emerged as a distinct scientific discipline in the late 19th century, but its roots go...
🧠 1.1 Definition of Psychology (मनःविज्ञान की परिभाषा) 🔍 Meaning of Psychology The word “Psychology” is derived from two Greek words: ‘Psyche’ meaning soul or mind ‘Logos’ meaning study or discourse So, Psychology...
🧠 UPSC Psychology Optional Syllabus 2025 📘 Paper 1: Foundations of Psychology 1. Introduction 1.1 Definition of Psychology 1.2 Historical antecedents and trends in the 21st century 1.3 Psychology and scientific methods 1.4 Relation...
Q1. [IBAT Alliance] Consider the following statements about the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT): It is jointly managed by four global conservation organisations. It provides access to both primary and derived biodiversity datasets....
Q1. With reference to Haemophilia A, consider the following statements: It is caused due to a deficiency of clotting factor VIII. It is more commonly diagnosed in women than in men. Internal bleeding...
Q1. With reference to ‘Dravidogecko Coonoor’, consider the following statements: It is the only gecko species endemic to high-elevation regions of the Western Ghats. It has been discovered in the Nilgiris of Tamil Nadu,...
1. Consider the following statements regarding Sariska Tiger Reserve: It lies in the Satpura Range and is known for bamboo-dominated landscapes. It was declared a national park in 1955. It is part of the...
91. What was the main objective of the First Five-Year Plan in India? a) Industrial growth b) Export promotion c) Agricultural development d) Privatization of public enterprises 92. Which of the following Five-Year Plans...
81. Which economic model formed the basis of India’s First Five-Year Plan? a) Harrod-Domar model b) Mahalanobis model c) Leontief Input-Output model d) Adam Smith’s Classical model 82. What was a significant focus of...
71. Who is known as the architect of India’s planned economy? a) Jawaharlal Nehru b) Mahalanobis c) B.R. Ambedkar d) Rajendra Prasad 72. What was the primary objective of India’s First Five-Year Plan (1951–56)?...
