11. Who was the first Indian ruler to organize a navy?
(a) Chandragupta Maurya
(b) Rajendra Chola I
(c) Ashoka
(d) Kanishka
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Answer: (b) Rajendra Chola I
📖 Explanation: The Chola dynasty, particularly Rajendra Chola I, is credited with organizing a powerful navy. The Cholas used their naval power to expand their influence across Southeast Asia, including present-day Malaysia and Indonesia.
12. The First Battle of Panipat (1526) was fought between which two rulers?
(a) Akbar and Hemu
(b) Babur and Ibrahim Lodi
(c) Sher Shah Suri and Humayun
(d) Aurangzeb and Dara Shikoh
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Answer: (b) Babur and Ibrahim Lodi
📖 Explanation: The First Battle of Panipat (1526) marked the beginning of the Mughal rule in India. Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi with the help of superior military tactics, including the use of artillery.
13. The Gandhara school of art was primarily influenced by which culture?
(a) Roman
(b) Greek
(c) Persian
(d) Chinese
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Answer: (b) Greek
📖 Explanation: The Gandhara school of art, which flourished during the Kushana period, was heavily influenced by Greek and Roman artistic styles. This style is best known for its depictions of the Buddha in Greco-Roman attire.
14. Who was the first woman ruler of Delhi?
(a) Noor Jahan
(b) Razia Sultana
(c) Rani Lakshmibai
(d) Chand Bibi
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Answer: (b) Razia Sultana
📖 Explanation: Razia Sultana (1236-1240) was the first and only woman ruler of Delhi. She was the daughter of Iltutmish and defied gender norms to rule the Delhi Sultanate. However, she faced opposition from the nobles and was eventually overthrown.
15. Who is known as the ‘Napoleon of India’?
(a) Ashoka
(b) Chandragupta Maurya
(c) Samudragupta
(d) Harsha
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Answer: (c) Samudragupta
📖 Explanation: Samudragupta, the great Gupta ruler, is called the ‘Napoleon of India’ due to his military conquests, as recorded in the Prayag Prashasti (Allahabad Pillar Inscription).
16. The Doctrine of Lapse was introduced by which Governor-General of India?
(a) Lord Cornwallis
(b) Lord William Bentinck
(c) Lord Dalhousie
(d) Lord Canning
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Answer: (c) Lord Dalhousie
📖 Explanation: Lord Dalhousie introduced the Doctrine of Lapse, which stated that if an Indian ruler died without a male heir, his kingdom would be annexed by the British. This policy led to the annexation of Satara, Jhansi, Nagpur, and Awadh.
17. Who was the founder of the Brahmo Samaj?
(a) Swami Vivekananda
(b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(c) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
(d) Dayananda Saraswati
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Answer: (b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
📖 Explanation: Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahmo Samaj in 1828 to reform Hindu society by opposing social evils like Sati, caste discrimination, and polygamy while promoting rational and monotheistic beliefs.
18. The battle of Buxar (1764) was fought between the British and which Indian rulers?
(a) Siraj-ud-Daulah, Mir Jafar, and Tipu Sultan
(b) Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daula, and Shah Alam II
(c) Haider Ali, Tipu Sultan, and Ranjit Singh
(d) Nizam of Hyderabad, Marathas, and Sikhs
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Answer: (b) Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daula, and Shah Alam II
📖 Explanation: The Battle of Buxar (1764) was fought between the British East India Company and a combined force of Mir Qasim (Bengal), Shuja-ud-Daula (Oudh), and Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. The British victory cemented their control over Bengal.
19. Who was the leader of the Revolt of 1857 in Kanpur?
(a) Bahadur Shah Zafar
(b) Nana Saheb
(c) Mangal Pandey
(d) Kunwar Singh
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Answer: (b) Nana Saheb
📖 Explanation: Nana Saheb led the Revolt of 1857 in Kanpur. He was the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II and opposed the British refusal to grant him a pension after his father’s death.
20. The Champaran Satyagraha (1917) was related to which issue?
(a) Demand for self-rule
(b) Protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre
(c) Oppression of indigo farmers
(d) Introduction of separate electorates
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Answer: (c) Oppression of indigo farmers
📖 Explanation: Champaran Satyagraha (1917) was Gandhi’s first mass movement in India. It was against the forced cultivation of indigo by British landlords, which left Indian farmers in extreme poverty.
