🟠 Topic 41: Digital Economy & E-Governance 📌 Introduction India’s digital economy has become a critical driver of economic growth, innovation, and governance reform. With rapid internet penetration, the rise of fintech, e-commerce,...

  🟠 Topic 40: IT-BPM Sector – Importance & Trends 📌 Introduction The Information Technology and Business Process Management (IT-BPM) sector is one of the key pillars of India’s economy, playing a transformative role...

  🟠 Topic 39: Services Sector – Role & Growth in India 📌 Introduction The services sector is the largest contributor to India’s GDP, playing a pivotal role in the country’s economic growth, employment...

  🟠 Topic 38: Smart Cities & Urbanisation Trends 📌 Introduction Urbanisation is a defining trend in India’s development journey. With over 35% of the population residing in urban areas (2023), cities are becoming...

  🟠 Topic 37: Logistics Sector & National Logistics Policy 📌 Introduction The logistics sector is the lifeline of economic activity, enabling the smooth movement of goods, services, and resources across regions and sectors....

  🟠 Topic 36: Power Sector – Reforms & Renewable Energy 📌 Introduction The power sector plays a pivotal role in economic development, influencing industrial growth, agricultural productivity, and overall quality of life. India,...

🟠 Topic 35: Infrastructure – Roads, Railways, Airports, Ports 📌 Introduction Infrastructure is the backbone of economic development, acting as a catalyst for industrial growth, regional connectivity, trade, and socio-economic inclusion. In India, sectors...

  🟠 Topic 34: Disinvestment & Privatisation 📌 Introduction The public sector has historically played a dominant role in India’s industrial and economic development, especially after Independence. However, over time, many Public Sector Enterprises...

  🟠 Topic 33: Make in India, Start-up India, Stand-up India 1️⃣ Make in India 📌 Introduction Launched in 2014, Make in India is the flagship initiative of the Government of India to transform...

🟠 Topic 32: MSMEs – Role, Policies & Challenges 📌 Introduction Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of the Indian economy, contributing significantly to employment generation, industrial output, and exports. They...

  🟠 Topic 31: Industrial Policies – 1948, 1956, 1991 📌 Introduction Industrial Policy refers to the set of government strategies designed to promote industrial development, economic diversification, employment generation, and regional balance. India’s...

  🟠 Topic 30: Doubling Farmers’ Income & Allied Activities 📌 Introduction In 2016, the Government of India set an ambitious target to double farmers’ income by 2022. While the target year has passed,...

  🟠 Topic 29: Food Security & PDS System 📌 Introduction Food security is a critical element of economic development, ensuring that all individuals have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food. In a...

🟠 Topic 28: Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) 📌 Introduction Agriculture in India is highly vulnerable to weather shocks, pest attacks, and market volatility, making crop insurance essential for risk mitigation. In 2016,...

  🟠 Topic 27: Agricultural Marketing & APMC 📌 Introduction Efficient agricultural marketing ensures that farmers get fair prices for their produce while consumers enjoy affordable prices and a steady supply of agricultural products....

  🟠 Topic 26: Minimum Support Price (MSP) & Procurement Policy 📌 Introduction Minimum Support Price (MSP) and procurement policies form the foundation of India’s agricultural price support system. These instruments were introduced to...

  🟠 Topic 25: Agricultural Credit & NABARD 📌 Introduction Agricultural credit plays a crucial role in rural development by enabling farmers to purchase seeds, fertilizers, machinery, and invest in irrigation and storage facilities....

  🟠 Topic 24: Land Reforms in India 📌 Introduction Land is a fundamental asset in rural India, not just for economic productivity, but also as a source of social status and security. Post-independence,...

  🟠 Topic 23: Green Revolution & Subsequent Revolutions 📌 Introduction The Green Revolution was a transformative period in Indian agriculture, beginning in the 1960s, which led to a dramatic increase in food grain...

🟠 Topic 22: Social Sector – Health, Education & Social Security 📌 Introduction The social sector plays a vital role in ensuring inclusive and sustainable development. It encompasses health, education, and social security systems,...

  🟠 Topic 21: Unemployment – Types, Causes, and Trends 📌 Introduction Unemployment is a critical indicator of economic health and human development. It not only reflects the state of the labour market but...

  🟠 Topic 20: Inequality – Lorenz Curve & Gini Coefficient 📌 Introduction Economic inequality refers to the unequal distribution of income, wealth, and opportunities within a society. While some level of inequality is...

🟠 Topic 19: Poverty – Estimates, Causes, and Solutions 📌 Introduction Poverty is one of the most persistent and complex challenges faced by India and many developing nations. Despite significant economic growth over the...

  🟠 Topic 18: Human Development Index (HDI) and Other Indices 📌 Introduction Economic indicators like GDP growth provide only a partial picture of a nation’s progress. To get a comprehensive view of human...

  🟠 Topic 17: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 📌 Introduction The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a universal call to action adopted by all United Nations member states in 2015 to end poverty, protect...