India’s Climate Action & COP28 Commitments (2025)

4️⃣3️⃣ India’s Climate Action & COP28 Commitments (2025) 🌍♻️

🔹 Introduction

India has taken significant steps toward climate action, reaffirming its commitments under COP28 and the Paris Agreement to reduce carbon emissions. As a major developing economy, balancing economic growth with sustainability remains a key challenge.

The government is implementing policies under Panchamrit Climate Goals, focusing on renewable energy expansion, afforestation, carbon trading, and sustainable urban planning. However, climate-induced disasters, water scarcity, and industrial emissions continue to pose threats.

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🔹 Key Developments in India’s Climate Strategy (2025)

✅ Implementation of Panchamrit Climate Goals 🌱

• Target: 50% of India’s energy to come from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030.
• Commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2070.
• Expansion of Green Hydrogen & Carbon Market Trading Mechanisms.

✅ Afforestation & Biodiversity Conservation 🌳

• 10 million hectares of degraded land restored under Green India Mission.
• Tiger population crosses 4000+ due to successful conservation efforts.
• Mangrove afforestation projects along coastal areas to combat rising sea levels.

✅ Climate-Resilient Agriculture & Water Management 💧

• Promotion of drought-resistant crop varieties to mitigate climate risks.
• Expansion of micro-irrigation systems to optimize water use.
• National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC) expanded to support farmers.

✅ Carbon Market & Emission Reduction Strategies 🔥

• India launches its first national carbon trading market to regulate emissions.
• Mandating green building codes for new urban infrastructure projects.
• Rooftop solar panel installations receive government subsidies to accelerate adoption.

✅ Challenges in India’s Climate Commitments ⚠️

• Dependence on coal for base-load electricity generation.
• Financing constraints in achieving large-scale green energy transition.
• Frequent climate-induced disasters like floods & heatwaves.

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📌 Advanced 3-Statement-Based MCQs on India’s Climate Action (2025)

1️⃣ Consider the following statements regarding India’s Panchamrit Climate Goals:

1. India aims to reduce the carbon intensity of its economy by 45% by 2030.
2. Under the Panchamrit initiative, India has pledged to phase out all coal-based power plants by 2035.
3. Panchamrit targets achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2070.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

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2️⃣ Consider the following statements about India’s Carbon Trading Market:

1. India’s carbon market allows industries to trade carbon credits to offset their emissions.
2. The market follows a cap-and-trade system where emission limits are set for industries.
3. India’s carbon market is currently limited to the power sector and excludes industrial emissions.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

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3️⃣ Consider the following statements regarding India’s Green India Mission (GIM):

1. The Green India Mission is part of the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC).
2. It primarily focuses on the conservation of urban green spaces and rooftop gardens.
3. The mission aims to restore degraded forests and increase carbon sequestration.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

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4️⃣ Consider the following statements about India’s renewable energy targets:

1. India has set a target of achieving 500 GW of non-fossil fuel energy capacity by 2030.
2. India is the second-largest producer of solar energy in the world after China.
3. The country aims to generate 50% of its total power from renewable sources by 2025.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

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5️⃣ Consider the following statements regarding climate-resilient agriculture in India:

1. The Indian government is promoting agroforestry and climate-resistant crop varieties.
2. The National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC) provides financial assistance to farmers.
3. India has completely banned the use of chemical fertilizers to promote organic farming.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

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🚀 Conclusion

India’s climate action strategy is expanding, focusing on carbon reduction, renewable energy, and sustainable agriculture. However, challenges such as coal dependency, financing gaps, and climate-induced disasters remain. Stronger global collaborations and technological innovations will be key to meeting India’s climate targets.