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Indian History MCQs 84 (For UPSC PSC and other prelims exams)

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31. Consider the following statements regarding the Mandal Commission (1980):

  1. It was established to examine the issue of reservation for backward classes.
  2. It recommended 27% reservation for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in government jobs and educational institutions.
  3. The recommendations were implemented immediately after the report was submitted.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • The Mandal Commission was established to recommend measures for the advancement of OBCs. ✅
  • It proposed 27% reservation for OBCs. ✅
  • The recommendations were implemented only in 1990 by the V.P. Singh government. ❌

32. With reference to the Pokhran-II nuclear tests (1998), consider the following statements:

  1. The tests were conducted under the leadership of Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
  2. India officially declared itself a nuclear weapons state after the tests.
  3. The tests were conducted without prior international knowledge, leading to economic sanctions.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (d) 1, 2, and 3

📖 Explanation:

  • Pokhran-II was conducted in May 1998 under PM Vajpayee’s leadership. ✅
  • India declared itself a nuclear weapons state. ✅
  • The tests were kept secret, leading to economic sanctions by the US and other nations. ✅

33. Consider the following statements regarding the Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005:

  1. It empowers citizens to access information from public authorities.
  2. It mandates proactive disclosure of information by government bodies.
  3. It applies to private sector companies as well.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • RTI Act enables citizens to seek information from government offices. ✅
  • It mandates proactive disclosure of important government policies. ✅
  • It does not apply to private companies unless they receive significant government funding. ❌

34. With reference to the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India, consider the following statements:

  1. GST was implemented through the 101st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2016.
  2. It subsumed multiple indirect taxes into a single tax structure.
  3. It is a completely centralized tax collected only by the central government.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • GST was introduced by the 101st Constitutional Amendment Act. ✅
  • It replaced multiple indirect taxes like VAT, excise duty, and service tax. ✅
  • GST is a dual tax system, shared between the central and state governments. ❌

35. Consider the following statements regarding the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) 2019:

  1. It grants citizenship to persecuted religious minorities from Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh.
  2. It applies to all illegal immigrants in India.
  3. It excludes Muslims from the eligible refugee groups.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (b) 1 and 3 only

📖 Explanation:

  • The CAA provides citizenship to Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, and Christians from Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh. ✅
  • It does not apply to all illegal immigrants, only to the specified religious groups. ❌
  • Muslims are not included in the eligible groups under this Act. ✅

36. Consider the following statements regarding the Make in India initiative (2014):

  1. It aims to promote manufacturing in India.
  2. It focuses only on large-scale industries.
  3. It encourages foreign direct investment (FDI) in various sectors.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only

📖 Explanation:

  • The initiative aims to promote domestic manufacturing. ✅
  • It covers industries of all sizes, including small and medium enterprises. ❌
  • It encourages FDI in key sectors like defense, railways, and electronics. ✅

 

37. With reference to the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (2014), consider the following statements:

  1. It aims to eliminate open defecation in India.
  2. It focuses on waste management and sanitation.
  3. It is implemented only in rural areas under the Ministry of Rural Development.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • The mission focuses on eliminating open defecation. ✅
  • It also promotes solid waste management and sanitation awareness. ✅
  • It is implemented in both rural and urban areas by different ministries. ❌

38. Consider the following statements regarding the Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan (2020):

  1. It aims to make India self-reliant in various economic sectors.
  2. It focuses on promoting local manufacturing and reducing import dependency.
  3. It is a short-term relief measure designed for only one year.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • The initiative promotes self-reliance across various sectors. ✅
  • It encourages domestic production and reduced dependence on imports. ✅
  • It is a long-term vision, not just a one-year relief measure. ❌

39. With reference to India’s space missions, consider the following statements:

  1. Chandrayaan-1 (2008) confirmed the presence of water molecules on the Moon.
  2. Mangalyaan (2013) made India the first country to reach Mars in its first attempt.
  3. Chandrayaan-2 (2019) successfully landed on the Moon’s surface.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • Chandrayaan-1 discovered water molecules on the Moon. ✅
  • Mangalyaan successfully reached Mars on its first attempt. ✅
  • Chandrayaan-2’s lander failed to land successfully on the Moon. ❌

40. Consider the following statements regarding the Ujjwala Yojana:

  1. It provides free LPG connections to economically weaker households.
  2. It aims to reduce health hazards caused by smoke from traditional cooking fuels.
  3. It is implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • Ujjwala Yojana provides free LPG connections to BPL families to reduce dependency on traditional fuels. ✅
  • It aims to reduce health hazards from smoke inhalation. ✅
  • It is implemented by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, not the Ministry of Rural Development. ❌

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