21. Which among the following is the oldest dynasty of India?
(a) Maurya Dynasty
(b) Gupta Dynasty
(c) Satavahana Dynasty
(d) Chola Dynasty
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Answer: (d) Chola Dynasty
📖 Explanation: The Chola Dynasty is considered one of the oldest ruling dynasties in Indian history, with origins dating back to the 3rd century BCE. It continued to rule parts of South India until the 13th century CE.
22. Who wrote the famous book Arthashastra?
(a) Kalidasa
(b) Chanakya
(c) Banabhatta
(d) Vishakhadatta
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Answer: (b) Chanakya
📖 Explanation: Arthashastra was written by Chanakya (Kautilya or Vishnugupta), the chief advisor of Chandragupta Maurya. It is an ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, economic policy, and military strategy.
23. The famous Iron Pillar at Mehrauli in Delhi is associated with which ruler?
(a) Ashoka
(b) Chandragupta II
(c) Harsha
(d) Samudragupta
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Answer: (b) Chandragupta II
📖 Explanation: The Iron Pillar of Delhi, known for its rust-resistant composition, was erected during the reign of Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya) of the Gupta Empire in the 4th century CE.
24. Who introduced the Mansabdari system in India?
(a) Babur
(b) Akbar
(c) Shah Jahan
(d) Aurangzeb
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Answer: (b) Akbar
📖 Explanation: The Mansabdari system was introduced by Akbar to organize the Mughal administrative and military structure. Officers were ranked as per their Mansabs (ranks), determining their position and salary.
25. The Treaty of Alinagar (1757) was signed between the British and which Nawab of Bengal?
(a) Mir Jafar
(b) Mir Qasim
(c) Siraj-ud-Daulah
(d) Shuja-ud-Daula
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Answer: (c) Siraj-ud-Daulah
📖 Explanation: The Treaty of Alinagar was signed between the British and Siraj-ud-Daulah in 1757, before the Battle of Plassey. It temporarily restored British privileges in Bengal.
26. The capital of the Pallava Dynasty was:
(a) Madurai
(b) Kanchipuram
(c) Tanjore
(d) Hampi
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Answer: (b) Kanchipuram
📖 Explanation: The Pallava Dynasty, which ruled between the 3rd and 9th centuries CE, had Kanchipuram as its capital. It was a major center of art, culture, and religion in South India.
27. Who led the Revolt of 1857 in Lucknow?
(a) Rani Lakshmibai
(b) Begum Hazrat Mahal
(c) Nana Saheb
(d) Kunwar Singh
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Answer: (b) Begum Hazrat Mahal
📖 Explanation: Begum Hazrat Mahal, the wife of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah, led the Revolt of 1857 in Lucknow against British rule after her husband was exiled.
28. Which among the following movements was founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati?
(a) Brahmo Samaj
(b) Arya Samaj
(c) Theosophical Society
(d) Aligarh Movement
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Answer: (b) Arya Samaj
📖 Explanation: Swami Dayananda Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj in 1875, advocating for a return to Vedic principles, rejection of idol worship, and social reforms like women’s education.
29. The Poona Pact (1932) was signed between which two leaders?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) B.R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Subhas Chandra Bose and Vallabhbhai Patel
(d) Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Mahatma Gandhi
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Answer: (b) B.R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi
📖 Explanation: The Poona Pact (1932) was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and B.R. Ambedkar, agreeing on reserved seats for Dalits (Depressed Classes) in legislatures while avoiding separate electorates.
30. Who was the Viceroy of India at the time of India’s Independence?
(a) Lord Mountbatten
(b) Lord Linlithgow
(c) Lord Wavell
(d) Lord Canning
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Answer: (a) Lord Mountbatten
📖 Explanation: Lord Louis Mountbatten was the last Viceroy of British India and the first Governor-General of independent India. He oversaw India’s Partition and Independence in 1947.
