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Current Affairs MCQs | 12 July 2025 | UPSC PSC SSC

by · 11 July 2025

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1) Medium Altitude Long Endurance Drone (MALE Drone)

Q1. Consider the following statements about Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) drones:
मीडियम एल्टिट्यूड लॉन्ग एंड्योरेंस (MALE) ड्रोन के बारे में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:

  1. They are capable of surveillance and strike operations for over 30 hours.
    ये 30 घंटे से अधिक समय तक निगरानी और स्ट्राइक ऑपरेशन करने में सक्षम होते हैं।
  2. They operate only at high altitudes above 50,000 feet.
    ये केवल 50,000 फीट से ऊपर की ऊंचाई पर ही कार्य करते हैं।
  3. These drones are being procured only for the Indian Air Force.
    ये ड्रोन केवल भारतीय वायुसेना के लिए खरीदे जा रहे हैं।

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
उपरोक्त में से कौन सा/से कथन सही है/हैं?

a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3

Tap here for Answer and Explanation

Answer: a) 1 only

Why in News:
India is procuring 87 Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) drones from Indian companies to boost border surveillance and indigenise drone technology, which was previously dominated by Israeli imports.

Explanation:

  • ✅ Statement 1 is correct: MALE drones have the capability of staying airborne for 30+ hours, making them ideal for long-duration surveillance and strike missions.
  • ❌ Statement 2 is incorrect: They typically operate at altitudes up to 35,000 feet, not 50,000 feet.
  • ❌ Statement 3 is incorrect: These drones are intended for all three services – Army, Navy, and Air Force – not just the Indian Air Force.

2) Lake Turkana

Q2. With reference to Lake Turkana, consider the following statements:
लेक तुर्काना के संदर्भ में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:

  1. It is the largest permanent desert lake in the world.
    यह दुनिया की सबसे बड़ी स्थायी रेगिस्तानी झील है।
  2. Its primary source of water is the Turkwel River.
    इसका मुख्य जल स्रोत टरकवेल नदी है।
  3. The lake is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    यह झील यूनेस्को की विश्व धरोहर स्थल है।

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
उपरोक्त में से कौन सा/से कथन सही है/हैं?

a) 1 and 3 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3

Tap here for Answer and Explanation

Answer: a) 1 and 3 only

Why in News:
Scientists recently extracted 18–20 million-year-old enamel proteins from mammal fossils found in the Lake Turkana Basin, shedding light on early mammalian evolution.

Explanation:

  • ✅ Statement 1 is correct: Lake Turkana is the largest permanent desert lake in the world.
  • ❌ Statement 2 is incorrect: The Omo River (not Turkwel) is the main source of water, contributing 90% of the lake’s inflow.
  • ✅ Statement 3 is correct: It has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its ecological and anthropological importance.

Q3. Consider the following statements regarding Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs):

पॉलीसाइक्लिक एरोमैटिक हाइड्रोकार्बन (PAHs) के बारे में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:

  1. They are composed only of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
    ये केवल कार्बन और हाइड्रोजन परमाणुओं से बने होते हैं।
  2. On Earth, they are formed mainly by complete combustion of organic materials.
    पृथ्वी पर, ये मुख्यतः जैविक पदार्थों के पूर्ण दहन द्वारा बनते हैं।
  3. Some scientists believe PAHs could have contributed to the origin of life on Earth.
    कुछ वैज्ञानिकों का मानना है कि PAHs ने पृथ्वी पर जीवन की उत्पत्ति में योगदान दिया हो सकता है।

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
उपरोक्त में से कौन सा/से कथन सही है/हैं?

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3

Tap here for Answer and Explanation

✅ Answer: c) 1 and 3 only

Why in News:
Researchers studied PAHs in Taurus Molecular Cloud 1 and found they can survive in space, potentially linking them to the origin of life.

Explanation:

  • Statement 1 is correct: PAHs are made of carbon and hydrogen arranged in multiple aromatic rings.
  • Statement 2 is incorrect: They form through incomplete, not complete, combustion of organic matter.
  • Statement 3 is correct: There is a scientific hypothesis that PAHs came via meteors and contributed to prebiotic chemistry.

Q4. Which of the following statements about Enforcement Case Information Report (ECIR) is/are correct?

प्रवर्तन मामला सूचना रिपोर्ट (ECIR) के बारे में निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा/से कथन सही है/हैं?

  1. ECIR is a statutory document explicitly mentioned in the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002.
    ECIR एक वैधानिक दस्तावेज है जो मनी लॉन्ड्रिंग निवारण अधिनियम, 2002 में स्पष्ट रूप से उल्लिखित है।
  2. It serves as a basis for the Enforcement Directorate to initiate action like arrest and asset attachment.
    यह प्रवर्तन निदेशालय के लिए गिरफ्तारी और संपत्ति जब्ती जैसी कार्रवाई शुरू करने का आधार बनता है।
  3. The Supreme Court has ruled that ECIR is equivalent to an FIR and must be provided to the accused.
    सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने निर्णय दिया है कि ECIR एक FIR के बराबर है और इसे आरोपी को प्रदान किया जाना चाहिए।

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
नीचे दिए गए कूटों का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनिए:

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3

Tap here for Answer and Explanation

✅ Answer: b) 2 only

Why in News:
ED filed ECIRs against celebrities and influencers for promoting illegal betting apps.

Explanation:

  • Statement 1 is incorrect: ECIR is not mentioned in PMLA; it’s a non-statutory internal document.
  • Statement 2 is correct: ED uses ECIR to initiate proceedings like arrests, seizures.
  • Statement 3 is incorrect: Supreme Court has clarified that ECIR is not equal to FIR and ED is not bound to give a copy to the accused.

 

Q5. Consider the following statements about Indian Mini Satellite-1 (IMS-1 Bus):

भारतीय मिनी सैटेलाइट-1 (IMS-1 बस) के बारे में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:

  1. IMS-1 is a satellite bus developed by ISRO for smaller and faster deployable missions.
    IMS-1 एक उपग्रह बस है जिसे ISRO ने छोटे और शीघ्र प्रक्षेपण योग्य मिशनों के लिए विकसित किया है।
  2. The bus supports only communication satellites weighing over 1000 kg.
    यह बस केवल 1000 किलोग्राम से अधिक वजन वाले संचार उपग्रहों का समर्थन करती है।
  3. IMS-1 was used in launching the POEM-3 module by ISRO.
    IMS-1 का उपयोग ISRO द्वारा POEM-3 मॉड्यूल को लॉन्च करने में किया गया था।

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
उपरोक्त में से कौन सा/से कथन सही है/हैं?

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3

Tap here for Answer and Explanation

✅ Answer: b) 1 and 3 only

Why in News:
ISRO’s POEM-3 experiment module carried non-government payloads and was based on the IMS-1 Bus architecture.

Explanation:

  • Statement 1 is correct: IMS-1 is a compact satellite bus platform for low-weight payloads.
  • Statement 2 is incorrect: It supports small satellites, not heavy communication satellites.
  • Statement 3 is correct: POEM-3, which conducted orbital experiments, was based on the IMS-1 Bus platform.

Q6. What is the primary objective of PRITHVI (Prediction of Radiation from High Energy Ions and Velocity Spectra)?

PRITHVI (प्रिडिक्शन ऑफ रेडिएशन फ्रॉम हाई एनर्जी आयन्स एंड वेलोसिटी स्पेक्ट्रा) का मुख्य उद्देश्य क्या है?

a) Mapping gravitational waves using high-energy detectors
b) Predicting space radiation environment for satellites and crewed missions
c) Enhancing communication latency in deep space networks
d) Generating thermal energy in low Earth orbit modules

Tap here for Answer and Explanation

✅ Answer: b) Predicting space radiation environment for satellites and crewed missions

Why in News:
ISRO launched the PRITHVI software to assess radiation risks in space missions, especially relevant for Gaganyaan.

Explanation:

  • PRITHVI simulates high-energy ion interactions and helps calculate radiation exposure levels in space.
  • This helps in spacecraft shielding design and astronaut safety planning.
  • It is part of India’s growing focus on human spaceflight safety, particularly ahead of Gaganyaan.

 

Q7. What is the primary purpose of the INSAT-3DS satellite launched by ISRO?

ISRO द्वारा लॉन्च किए गए INSAT-3DS उपग्रह का मुख्य उद्देश्य क्या है?

a) Monitoring enemy naval activity in the Indian Ocean
b) Weather forecasting and disaster management
c) Providing high-speed broadband in remote areas
d) Tracking animal migration and forest cover

Tap here for Answer and Explanation

✅ Answer: b) Weather forecasting and disaster management

Why in News:
INSAT-3DS was launched by ISRO to enhance meteorological observations and disaster response systems.

Explanation:

  • INSAT-3DS is an advanced meteorological satellite under the INSAT series.
  • It provides critical data for weather forecasting, cyclone tracking, and disaster alerting.
  • It works in tandem with earlier satellites like INSAT-3D and 3DR.
  • Developed with funding from the Ministry of Earth Sciences, it plays a key role in India’s early warning system for disasters.

Q8. What is the main objective of the Digital Bharat Nidhi scheme?

डिजिटल भारत निधि योजना का मुख्य उद्देश्य क्या है?

a) Promoting digital exports through subsidized logistics
b) Financially supporting telecom service providers in remote areas
c) Providing smartphones to students from rural areas
d) Creating AI-powered education platforms for government schools

Tap here for Answer and Explanation

✅ Answer: b) Financially supporting telecom service providers in remote areas

Why in News:
The Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF) was recently renamed Digital Bharat Nidhi, and new guidelines were issued.

Explanation:

  • The scheme aims to bridge the digital divide by funding telecom infrastructure in uncovered and remote areas.
  • It provides subsidies to service providers to extend mobile and broadband coverage.
  • This supports India’s goals of universal digital connectivity and rural empowerment.
  • It is a central initiative under the Department of Telecommunications (DoT).

 

Q9. India’s increasing maritime patrols near the Red Sea are primarily due to which of the following reasons?

रेड सी के पास भारत की समुद्री गश्त में वृद्धि का मुख्य कारण क्या है?

a) Protection of oil reserves in Indian Ocean islands
b) Assistance in naval training exercises with the US
c) Disruption of trade routes by Houthi rebels near Yemen
d) Monitoring of Chinese submarine movements near Sri Lanka

Tap here for Answer and Explanation

✅ Answer: c) Disruption of trade routes by Houthi rebels near Yemen

Why in News:
Due to rising threats from Yemen’s Houthi rebels targeting commercial vessels in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, India has intensified its naval security operations in the region.

Explanation:

  • The Houthis, backed by Iran, have been attacking ships using drones and missiles in the Red Sea.
  • These attacks affect the global supply chain and India’s maritime interests.
  • India has deployed warships like INS Visakhapatnam and INS Kolkata for escort and surveillance operations.
  • This effort is critical for safeguarding Indian merchant vessels and ensuring the security of Sea Lanes of Communication (SLOCs).

Q10. The Rogozin-class Corvette, recently in news, belongs to which country?

हाल ही में चर्चा में रही रोगोज़िन श्रेणी की कोर्वेट किस देश से संबंधित है?

a) Russia
b) France
c) Israel
d) United States

Tap here for Answer and Explanation

✅ Answer: a) Russia

Why in News:
A new Rogozin-class corvette was unveiled by Russia, indicating its naval modernization drive amid growing Black Sea tensions.

Explanation:

  • The Rogozin-class corvette is a new-generation light combat vessel being developed by Russia.
  • These ships are equipped with missile systems, electronic warfare tools, and stealth features.
  • The class is named after Dmitry Rogozin, a key figure in Russian defence and aerospace sectors.
  • It signifies Russia’s continued emphasis on coastal defence and rapid-response naval capabilities.

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