Daily Current Affairs — 15 September 2026
Daily Current Affairs · 15 September 2026
10 fully-analysed topics · 30 bilingual MCQs · 3 embedded videos · built for UPSC Prelims & Mains
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Indian Geography MCQ Quiz · भारतीय भूगोल प्रश्नोत्तरी
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IR
India’s Proposed BRICS Reform Roadmap
During the 18th BRICS Summit held in New Delhi (September 2026), the Indian Prime Minister urged BRICS leaders to formulate 10 global governance reform proposals.
- India's proposed BRICS Reform Roadmap seeks to reform global institutions through Representation
- It aims to address challenges such as UNSC underrepresentation
- From "Rule-Takers to Rule-Shapers": India emphasized the need to dismantle the current global governance structure (described as a "pyramid of
- Representation: The reform of the UN Security Council (UNSC) can no longer be delayed
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- As a practical example, India proposed establishing a Seafarers' Emergency Support Network to connect maritime authorities
- To achieve this, BRICS aims to provide young diplomats from the Global South with legal, practical
- Empowering the Global South: By proposing a concrete
- Outdated Representation in the UNSC: The UNSC largely reflects the geopolitical realities of the post-World War II era
- Transitioning to Text-Based Negotiations: The UN General Assembly must move beyond open-ended debates within the Intergovernmental Negotiations (IGN)
- Democratizing the Financial Architecture: There is an urgent need to expedite quota realignments at the IMF
3. What is the significance of the Ezulwini Consensus? The Ezulwini Consensus represents Africa's common position seeking two permanent
Which of the following statements about India’s Proposed BRICS Reform Roadmap is correct?
Correct. The three wrong options each change one thing from the source: a figure, the institution involved, the direction of change, or a qualifier turned into an absolute.
Not quite. The three wrong options each change one thing from the source: a figure, the institution involved, the direction of change, or a qualifier turned into an absolute. The green option is the correct one.
Economy
UN Secretary-General
The United Nations has officially launched the selection process to choose the next Secretary-General (SG), who will take office in January 2027 once Antonio Guterres completes his second term on 31st December 2026.
- About: The Secretary-General (SG) is the chief administrative officer of the United Nations under Article 97 of the UN Charter
- Traditionally, the post rotates among regions, though this is not legally binding.
- All UN Secretaries-General so far have been men, prompting calls for a woman SG.
- Initiation: sg selection process begins with a joint invitation from the Presidents of the UNGA and UNSC for Member States to submit nominations
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- Ballots from the five permanent members (US, UK, Russia, China, France) are colour-coded to indicate potential vetoes.
- Administrative and Executive Duties: Acts as the chief administrative officer of the UN under Article 97 of the Charter
- SG can bring to the Security Council's attention any matter that may threaten international peace and security (Article 99).
- SG holds a mandate that combines administrative responsibilities with considerable political discretion.
- The role requires balancing Member States' concerns while upholding the principles and values of the UN Charter.
- It is a committee set up by the UN Security Council and works under its supervision.
With reference to UN Secretary-General, consider the following statements:
- About: The Secretary-General (SG) is the chief administrative officer of the United Nations under Article 97 of the UN Charter
- Traditionally, the post rotates the only regions, though this is not legally binding
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct. Check each statement on its own before looking at the options. One of the two alters a figure, an institution or the direction of change stated in the source.
Not quite. Check each statement on its own before looking at the options. One of the two alters a figure, an institution or the direction of change stated in the source. The green option is the correct one.
Economy
United Nation Security Council
The United Nation Security Council (UNSC) got five new non permanent members (Albania, Brazil, Gabon, Ghana and the United Arab Emirates).
- Albania is joining for the first time while Brazil is taking an 11th turn
- More than 50 of the UN's 193 member countries have never been elected to the council since its formation.
- UNSC: About: The Security Council was established by the UN Charter in 1945. It is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations
- The council has 15 members: the five permanent members and ten non-permanent members elected for two-year terms
Show 6 more facts
- India, for the eighth time, has entered the UNSC as a non-permanent member last year (2021) and will stay on the council for two years i.e 2021-22.
- Each member of the Security Council has one vote
- Any member of the United Nations which is not a member of the Security Council may participate
- India took active part in the formulation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1947-48
- India has played its part in formulating decisions on several issues such as admitting former colonies to the UN
- It has contributed extensively to the UN, particularly for the maintenance of international peace and security
Which of the following statements about United Nation Security Council is correct?
Correct. The three wrong options each change one thing from the source: a figure, the institution involved, the direction of change, or a qualifier turned into an absolute.
Not quite. The three wrong options each change one thing from the source: a figure, the institution involved, the direction of change, or a qualifier turned into an absolute. The green option is the correct one.
Economy
Reforming UNSC and Bretton Woods
Recently, at a press conference in Hiroshima, Japan, the UN Secretary-General has called for reforms in UNSC (United Nations Security Council).
- In the face of the economic shocks from the Covid-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine Conflict
- About: The Bretton Woods system was a monetary framework created in 1944 by representatives of 44 nations at the Bretton Woods Conference in New
- The Bretton Woods Agreement created two important organizations—the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank
- Need for Reforming Bretton Woods Institutions: While these institutions performed well over their first 50 years – they have been struggling in more
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- The threat of Climate Change and ecological stress
- There has been biases in fund allocation and unregulated Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), the IMF allocated USD 650 billion in SDRs during the pandemic
- About: The UN Security Council was established by the UN Charter in 1945 and is one of the 6 principal organs of the United Nations.
- UNSC has 15 members: 5 permanent members (P5) and 10 non-permanent members elected for 2-year terms. The P5 are: US, Russia, France, China and the UK.
- Creating Problems for the Developing Countries: Developing countries are facing problems in three dimensions: Moral, power-related, and practical.
- A systemic and unjust bias in global economic
With reference to Reforming UNSC and Bretton Woods, consider the following statements:
- In the face of the economic shocks from the Covid-28 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine Conflict
- About: The Bretton Woods system was a monetary framework created in 1944 by representatives of 44 nations at the Bretton Woods Conference in New
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct. Check each statement on its own before looking at the options. One of the two alters a figure, an institution or the direction of change stated in the source.
Not quite. Check each statement on its own before looking at the options. One of the two alters a figure, an institution or the direction of change stated in the source. The green option is the correct one.
IR
India at the G7 Summit 2026
The Prime Minister of India attended the 52nd G7 Summit Outreach Session (2026) at vian, France, held under the theme "Forging New Partnerships and Rebuilding International Solidarity.".
- The summit brought together G7 nations, and provided India a key platform to champion the priorities of the Global South, address the global trust
- Addressing the Global Trust Deficit: India emphasized that mutual trust is the world's most critical strategic asset
- Amplifying the Voice of the Global South: India reiterated that developing
- CEPA: Both sides are expediting negotiations to conclude the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) by the end of 2026 to double two-way
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- Raisina Americas: Announced the establishment of "Raisina Americas," a new geopolitical platform (mimicking the Raisina Dialogue model) designed to
- The Nuclear Energy Partnership: Recognizing Canada as an essential energy exporter
- Vision 2035: The leaders reviewed the progress of bilateral relations under the India-UK Vision 2035 framework.
- BRICS Summit 2026: The Indian PM formally invited the UAE President to attend the 18th BRICS Summit, which India will host later in 2026.
- Genesis and Evolution: Formed in 1975 in response to the 1973 oil crisis
- It is an initiative endorsed by the G20 together with the Paris Club.
1. What is the significance of the G7 Outreach Session? The Outreach Session enables engagement between G7 nations and key developing countries
Which of the following statements about India at the G7 Summit 2026 is correct?
Correct. The three wrong options each change one thing from the source: a figure, the institution involved, the direction of change, or a qualifier turned into an absolute.
Not quite. The three wrong options each change one thing from the source: a figure, the institution involved, the direction of change, or a qualifier turned into an absolute. The green option is the correct one.
Current Affairs MCQ | 4th January, 2020 The Hindu
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Economy
18th BRICS Summit 2026: Adoption of the New Delhi Declaration
India hosted the 18th BRICS Summit (2026) in New Delhi.
- The 18th BRICS Summit 2026, hosted by India, adopted the New Delhi Declaration, advancing cooperation in finance, trade, technology, agriculture
- Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA): Approved amendments to the CRA Treaty
- Taxation & Customs Cooperation: Launched the BRICS Tax Cross-Learning Lab and the Authorised Economic Operator (AEO) Action Plan 2026
- Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI): Approved the creation of a BRICS DPI Repository and initiated pilot projects to share scalable
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- Global Research Advanced Infrastructure Network (GRAIN): Adopted an Action Plan to pool financial
- Submarine Cable Network: Tasked a feasibility study for a direct high-speed submarine communication network to ensure secure
- Energy Grids & Startup Ecosystem: Established the Digital Centre of Excellence for Smart Grids to integrate renewable energy seamlessly using AI
- BRICS Grain Exchange: BRICS aims to launch the Grain Exchange by 2027
- BRICS AGRIN (Agro-Inputs, Genetic Resources, and Information Network): It is a collaborative, voluntary
- Mental Health & Traditional Medicine: Created a Training Hub Network led by India's NIMHANS for mental well-being
5. What is the significance of BRICS expansion? With 11 full members
Which of the following statements about 18th BRICS Summit 2026: Adoption of the New Delhi is correct?
Correct. The three wrong options each change one thing from the source: a figure, the institution involved, the direction of change, or a qualifier turned into an absolute.
Not quite. The three wrong options each change one thing from the source: a figure, the institution involved, the direction of change, or a qualifier turned into an absolute. The green option is the correct one.
IR
Global South
The reluctance of many nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America to support NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) in the Ukraine conflict has brought the term "Global South" into focus.
- The "Global North" is richer nations that are located mostly in North America and Europe, with some additions in Oceania and elsewhere.
- From "Third World" to "Global South": The term Global South was first coined in 1969 by political activist Carl Oglesby.
- It gained momentum after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, which marked the end of the "Second World."
- Previously, developing nations were commonly referred to as the "Third World," a term coined by Alfred Sauvy in 1952.
Show 6 more facts
- The term Global South does not have a strict geographical definition
- Many countries in the Global South have a history of Imperialism and Colonial Rule, particularly evident in African countries.
- This history has shaped their perspectives on the relationship between the global center (Global North)
- Shifting Economic and Political Power: The Global South has experienced a significant shift in wealth and political visibility in recent decades
- Projections indicate that by 2030, three of the four largest economies will belong to Global South countries, with China and India leading the way
- The growing economic and political power of the Global South has important implications for global geopolitics.
Which of the following statements about Global South is correct?
Correct. The three wrong options each change one thing from the source: a figure, the institution involved, the direction of change, or a qualifier turned into an absolute.
Not quite. The three wrong options each change one thing from the source: a figure, the institution involved, the direction of change, or a qualifier turned into an absolute. The green option is the correct one.
History
Group of Four (G-4) Countries
On the sidelines of the 76th session of the UN General Assembly, the G-4 countries highlight 'urgent need' for reform in U.N.
- The G4 is a grouping of Brazil, Germany, India and Japan which are aspiring to become permanent members of the UNSC.
- The G4 countries are supporting each other's bids for permanent membership of the UNSC.
- The G4 nations traditionally meet on the sidelines of the annual high-level UN General Assembly session.
- They felt that the UN decision-making bodies needed to be urgently reformed as global issues were increasingly complex and interconnected.
Show 6 more facts
- Further, they reiterated their joint commitment to work toward text-based negotiations that lead to Reformed Multilateralism.
- They highlighted that General Assembly did not make "meaningful progress" in the Inter-Governmental Negotiations (IGN) and lacked transparency.
- They reiterated their support for African countries being represented in a permanent and non-permanent capacity.
- UN represents a larger world and the irony is that it has only 5 permanent members in its important body.
- The current composition of the Security Council represents the post-World War II realities
- At the time of the formation of the UNSC, big powers were given privileges to make them part of the council
Which of the following statements about Group of Four (G-4) Countries is correct?
Correct. The three wrong options each change one thing from the source: a figure, the institution involved, the direction of change, or a qualifier turned into an absolute.
Not quite. The three wrong options each change one thing from the source: a figure, the institution involved, the direction of change, or a qualifier turned into an absolute. The green option is the correct one.
Economy
Call for Reforming UN Security Council
As the United Nations (UN) approaches its 80th anniversary in 2025, the G4 countries (India, Brazil, Germany, and Japan) have reiterated their calls for urgent reforms of the UN Security Council (UNSC).
- This was supported by other plurilateral groupings such as the L69 and C-10.
- Also, India addressed the 79th UNGA summit, sharing its perspectives and recommendations on global development and reforms.
- L69 Group: The L69 Group consists of 42 developing nations, including India, from Asia, Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Pacific.
- It advocates for expanding both permanent and non-permanent UNSC membership to reflect current global realities and enhance accountability
Show 6 more facts
- The Committee of Ten (C-10) Heads of State and Government of the African Union consists of 10 African nations.
- It aims to reform the UNSC by advocating for improved representation of Africa and promoting the Common African Position
- The Sirte Declaration (1999) was the resolution adopted to establish the African Union and address peace
- The G4 is a grouping of Brazil, Germany, India and Japan which are aspiring to become permanent members of the UNSC.
- It was created in 2004 and has been promoting UN Security Council Reforms.
- The G4 countries are backing each other's efforts for permanent UNSC membership
Which of the following statements about Call for Reforming UN Security Council is correct?
Correct. The three wrong options each change one thing from the source: a figure, the institution involved, the direction of change, or a qualifier turned into an absolute.
Not quite. The three wrong options each change one thing from the source: a figure, the institution involved, the direction of change, or a qualifier turned into an absolute. The green option is the correct one.
History
5 Countries Elected to UN Security Council
The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) elected five countries as non-permanent members of the Security Council for two-year terms beginning 1st January 2027.
- Elected Members by Region: Austria and Portugal (Western European and Other States)
- The election marks a historic milestone for Kyrgyzstan
- The newly elected members will join Bahrain, Colombia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Latvia, and Liberia (elected in 2026, serving through 2027).
- About: The United Nations Security Council (UNSC)
Show 5 more facts
- Members: The Council comprises 15 members, including 5 permanent members (P5)- China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom
- Non-permanent members: These non-permanent seats are allocated on a regional basis: 5 for African and Asian States
- Election of Non-permanent Members: Elections are held annually through a secret ballot
- Binding Authority: The UNSC remains the only UN body whose decisions member states are obligated to implement under the UN Charter.
- India's Participation: India's participation in the Security Council has been as a non-permanent member during the periods of 1950-51
Which of the following statements about 5 Countries Elected to UN Security Council is correct?
Correct. The three wrong options each change one thing from the source: a figure, the institution involved, the direction of change, or a qualifier turned into an absolute.
Not quite. The three wrong options each change one thing from the source: a figure, the institution involved, the direction of change, or a qualifier turned into an absolute. The green option is the correct one.
Indian Economy MCQ Quiz · भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था प्रश्नोत्तरी
A second members-only subject quiz – lock in today's study session
Current affairs alone will not clear Prelims. Close the day on the static syllabus with this members-only quiz.
