Current Affairs Notes + MCQs (28 July 2025) for UPSC PSC SSC

1. Veer Parivar Sahayata Yojana

Latest News:
Launched recently by National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) to provide legal aid to defence personnel and families.

Key Features:

• Joint Initiative: NALSA, Kendriya Sainik Board (KSB), Rajya Sainik Boards (RSBs), and Zilla Sainik Boards (ZSBs).
• Objective: To provide free and competent legal services to serving and retired defence personnel.
• Implementation: Through a nationwide network of Legal Services Clinics under RSBs and ZSBs.
• Coverage: Includes personnel in remote locations, paramilitary forces like BSF, CRPF, ITBP.
• Support Staff: Panel lawyers and paralegal volunteers will deliver services.

2. Exercise Drone Prahar

Latest News:
Conducted by Indian Army in Arunachal Pradesh.

Key Features:

• Objective: Integrating drone technology into tactical battlefield operations.
• Location: Rayang Military Station, East Siang district.
• Focus Areas:
  • ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance)
  • Sensor-to-shooter coordination
  • Precision targeting
• Operational Aspects:
  • Airspace deconfliction
  • Secure communications
  • Multi-service coordination

3. System for Pension Administration (RAKSHA) – SPARSH

Latest News:
Facing criticism from ex-servicemen for technical inefficiencies.

Key Features:

• Ministry: Ministry of Defence
• Administered By: Defence Accounts Department, through PCDA (Pensions), Prayagraj
• Objective: To streamline pension sanction and disbursement for Armed Forces and Defence Civilians.
• Features:
  • Web-based platform, no third-party intermediary.
  • Real-time data validation, self-verification, and digital pensioner identification.
  • Tracks full pension life cycle: sanction → disbursement → grievance redressal.

4. Exercise Bold Kurukshetra 2025

Latest News:
14th edition being conducted at Jodhpur, Rajasthan.

Key Features:

• Bilateral Exercise: Between India and Singapore.
• Started in: 2005
• Forces Participating:
  • 42 Singapore Armoured Regiment
  • Indian Mechanised Infantry Regiment
• Format: Table Top Exercise + Computer-Based Wargame
• Objective: Improve interoperability and joint UN training capabilities.

5. New Wasp Species

Latest News:
ZSI discovered 4 new species of parasitoid wasps in West Bengal.

Key Features:

• Species: Idris bianor, Idris furvus, Idris hyllus, Idris longiscapus.
• Genus: Idris (Family: Scelionidae).
• Habitat: Agroecosystems, semi-natural zones.
• Behaviour:
  • Lay eggs in spider egg sacs.
  • Exhibit gregarious parasitism.
• Ecological Role: Help regulate spider populations and arthropod balance.

6. TRACERS Mission

Latest News:
Launched by NASA to study magnetic reconnection in Earth’s magnetosphere.

Key Features:

• Full Form: Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites.
• Orbit: Low Earth Orbit, through polar cusps.
• Objective: Understand how solar wind affects Earth’s magnetic field.
• Significance:
  • Improves space weather forecasting.
  • Helps safeguard satellites and GPS.
• Expected Outputs: >3,000 reconnection events studied in 1 year.

7. Barents Sea

Latest News:
Russia conducted navy-wide drills near the Barents Sea.

Geographical Facts:

• Location: Arctic Ocean, borders Norway and Russia.
• Area: 1.4 million sq.km.
• Boundaries: Includes Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya, and Kola Peninsula.
• Old Name: Known as Murmean Sea to Vikings.
• Climate: Subarctic, kept warmer by Gulf Stream.
• Biodiversity: Includes seabirds, coral reefs, walruses, and polar bears.

8. World Food India

Latest News:
The 4th edition of World Food India 2025 will be held at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.

Key Features:

• Organizer: Ministry of Food Processing Industries.
• Theme: “Processing for Prosperity“.
• Purpose: Promote investment, trade, and collaboration in food processing.
• Initiatives:
  • Mega Food Parks
  • Plug-and-play infrastructure
• Past Editions: 2017, 2023, 2024.

9. Deep-Brain Stimulation (DBS)

Latest News:
Over 1.6 lakh people globally have received DBS.

Key Features:

• Procedure: Electrodes are implanted in specific brain regions.
• Device: Controlled by a pacemaker-like stimulator in the chest.
• Applications:
  • Parkinson’s Disease
  • Essential Tremor
  • Dystonia
  • Some psychiatric disorders like OCD and depression.
• Benefits:
  • Reversible
  • Normalizes brain activity without damaging tissue.
  • Reduces tremors and stiffness by modifying neuron signaling.

10. Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In)

Latest News:
Now mandates annual cybersecurity audits for public and private entities.

Key Features:

• Nodal Agency for Cybersecurity in India.
• Ministry: Electronics and IT (MeitY).
• Established Under: Section 70B, IT Act, 2000.
• Functions:
  • Incident response, alerts, forecasting.
  • Guidelines and advisories on cybersecurity.
  • Coordination with international agencies.
• Projects:
  • Cyber Swachhta Kendra
  • National Cyber Coordination Centre (NCCC)
  • Cyber Abhyas Suvidha (CAS)

PRACTICE MCQs

Q1. Veer Parivar Sahayata Yojana is being implemented by NALSA in coordination with which of the following bodies?

वीर परिवार सहायता योजना को NALSA किस निकाय के सहयोग से लागू कर रहा है?

a) Election Commission of India | भारत निर्वाचन आयोग
b) Zilla Sainik Boards | ज़िला सैनिक बोर्ड
c) Central Bureau of Investigation | केंद्रीय अन्वेषण ब्यूरो
d) Bureau of Police Research | पुलिस अनुसंधान ब्यूरो

Q2. In the context of Exercise Drone Prahar, consider the following statements:

1. It was conducted by the Indian Navy.
2. It focused on integrating drone tech into ISR and targeting.**
   **ड्रोन प्रहार अभ्यास के संदर्भ में निम्न कथनों पर विचार करें:
3. इसे भारतीय नौसेना ने आयोजित किया।
4. इसका उद्देश्य ISR और लक्ष्यीकरण में ड्रोन तकनीक को शामिल करना था।**

a) Only 1 | केवल 1
b) Only 2 | केवल 2
c) Both 1 and 2 | दोनों 1 और 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2 | न तो 1 और न ही 2

Q3. What is the main purpose of SPARSH platform under Ministry of Defence?

रक्षा मंत्रालय के तहत SPARSH प्लेटफॉर्म का मुख्य उद्देश्य क्या है?

a) Monitoring battlefield operations | युद्ध क्षेत्र संचालन की निगरानी
b) Real-time pension management | वास्तविक समय पेंशन प्रबंधन
c) Procurement of arms | हथियारों की खरीद
d) Veteran rehabilitation | पूर्व सैनिकों का पुनर्वास

Q4. ‘Exercise Bold Kurukshetra 2025’ is held between which countries?

‘एक्सरसाइज बोल्ड कुरुक्षेत्र 2025’ किन देशों के बीच आयोजित की जाती है?

a) India and UK | भारत और ब्रिटेन
b) India and Australia | भारत और ऑस्ट्रेलिया
c) India and Singapore | भारत और सिंगापुर
d) India and Indonesia | भारत और इंडोनेशिया

Q5. Idris bianor and Idris furvus, recently discovered species, belong to which of the following?

हाल ही में खोजी गई प्रजातियाँ Idris bianor और Idris furvus किस वर्ग से संबंधित हैं?

a) Pollinating bees | परागण मधुमक्खियाँ
b) Parasitoid wasps | परजीवी ततैया
c) Soil nematodes | मृदा नेमाटोड
d) Freshwater algae | ताजे पानी की शैवाल

Q6. The TRACERS Mission by NASA aims to study which of the following processes?

NASA का TRACERS मिशन किस प्रक्रिया का अध्ययन करने के लिए है?

a) Space debris cleanup | अंतरिक्ष मलबे की सफाई
b) Magnetic reconnection in Earth’s magnetosphere | पृथ्वी के चुंबकीय क्षेत्र में चुंबकीय पुनर्संयोजन
c) Lunar surface temperature mapping | चंद्रमा की सतह के तापमान का मानचित्रण
d) Solar flare radiations | सौर फ्लेयर विकिरण

Q7. Which of the following water bodies lies near Russia and Norway and supports polar biodiversity?

निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा जल निकाय रूस और नॉर्वे के पास स्थित है और ध्रुवीय जैव विविधता का समर्थन करता है?

a) Black Sea | काला सागर
b) Barents Sea | बेरेंट्स सागर
c) Caspian Sea | कैस्पियन सागर
d) White Sea | व्हाइट सागर

Q8. The 2025 edition of ‘World Food India’ will be held at which venue?

‘वर्ल्ड फूड इंडिया’ 2025 का आयोजन किस स्थल पर किया जाएगा?

a) India Expo Mart, Greater Noida | इंडिया एक्सपो मार्ट, ग्रेटर नोएडा
b) Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi | भारत मंडपम, नई दिल्ली
c) Pragati Maidan, Delhi | प्रगति मैदान, दिल्ली
d) Ramlila Maidan, Delhi | रामलीला मैदान, दिल्ली

Q9. Deep-Brain Stimulation (DBS) is primarily used in the treatment of which of the following disorders?

डीप-ब्रेन स्टिमुलेशन (DBS) का प्रयोग मुख्यतः किन विकारों के उपचार में किया जाता है?

a) Diabetes and Hypertension | मधुमेह और उच्च रक्तचाप
b) Parkinson’s and OCD | पार्किंसन और ओसीडी
c) Tuberculosis and Asthma | तपेदिक और अस्थमा
d) Liver Cirrhosis and Ulcer | लिवर सिरोसिस और अल्सर

Q10. CERT-In, functioning under MeitY, is established under which legal provision?

MeitY के तहत कार्य करने वाला CERT-In किस कानूनी प्रावधान के तहत स्थापित है?

a) Section 69A of IT Act | आईटी अधिनियम की धारा 69A
b) Section 70B of IT Act | आईटी अधिनियम की धारा 70B
c) Article 312 of Constitution | संविधान का अनुच्छेद 312
d) Section 66F of IT Act | आईटी अधिनियम की धारा 66F