41. Who among the following is known as the “Father of Indian Medicine”?
(a) Charaka
(b) Sushruta
(c) Patanjali
(d) Nagarjuna
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Answer: (a) Charaka
📖 Explanation:
- Charaka is known as the “Father of Indian Medicine” and authored the Charaka Samhita, a foundational text of Ayurveda (✔).
- Sushruta is considered the “Father of Surgery.”
42. The term ‘Dhamma’ in Ashoka’s inscriptions refers to:
(a) Buddhist teachings only
(b) Hindu scriptures
(c) A moral and ethical code of conduct
(d) Military conquests
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Answer: (c) A moral and ethical code of conduct
📖 Explanation:
- Ashoka’s ‘Dhamma’ was not just Buddhist teachings but a broader ethical and moral code of conduct (✔).
- It promoted peace, non-violence, and respect for all religions.
43. Which of the following ancient universities was destroyed by Bakhtiyar Khilji in the 12th century?
(a) Takshashila
(b) Nalanda
(c) Vikramshila
(d) Both (b) and (c)
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✅
Answer: (d) Both (b) and (c)
📖 Explanation:
- Bakhtiyar Khilji destroyed Nalanda and Vikramshila universities in the 12th century, causing a significant loss to Indian education and culture (✔).
- Takshashila was already in decline by that time.
44. The famous “Iron Pillar” near Qutub Minar in Delhi was originally built during the reign of which dynasty?
(a) Gupta
(b) Maurya
(c) Satavahana
(d) Chola
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✅
Answer: (a) Gupta
📖 Explanation:
- The Iron Pillar in Delhi was built during the Gupta period and is attributed to Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya) (✔).
- It is famous for its rust-resistant composition.
45. The rock-cut caves of Elephanta are associated with which deity?
(a) Vishnu
(b) Buddha
(c) Shiva
(d) Indra
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✅
Answer: (c) Shiva
📖 Explanation:
- The Elephanta Caves, located in Maharashtra, are primarily dedicated to Lord Shiva (✔).
- The most famous sculpture in the caves is the “Trimurti” (three-headed Shiva).
46. Who among the following rulers is credited with the construction of the Kailash Temple at Ellora?
(a) Harsha
(b) Krishna I (Rashtrakuta)
(c) Rajaraja Chola
(d) Kanishka
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Answer: (b) Krishna I (Rashtrakuta)
📖 Explanation:
- The Kailash Temple at Ellora was built by Krishna I of the Rashtrakuta dynasty in the 8th century CE (✔).
- It is an architectural marvel carved out of a single rock.
47. The ancient text ‘Arthashastra’ was written by:
(a) Manu
(b) Kautilya
(c) Kalidasa
(d) Panini
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Answer: (b) Kautilya
📖 Explanation:
- Kautilya (also known as Chanakya) wrote the Arthashastra, a treatise on governance, economics, and military strategy (✔).
- It was written during the Mauryan period.
48. The Rathas (chariot temples) at Mahabalipuram were built by which dynasty?
(a) Chola
(b) Pallava
(c) Gupta
(d) Satavahana
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Answer: (b) Pallava
📖 Explanation:
- The Rathas at Mahabalipuram, also called the “Pancha Rathas,” were built by the Pallavas under Narasimhavarman I (✔).
- They are monolithic rock-cut structures dedicated to different deities.
49. The earliest known evidence of agriculture in the Indian subcontinent is found at:
(a) Mehrgarh
(b) Harappa
(c) Lothal
(d) Dholavira
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Answer: (a) Mehrgarh
📖 Explanation:
- Mehrgarh (present-day Pakistan) provides the earliest evidence of agriculture (wheat and barley) in South Asia around 7000 BCE (✔).
- It is considered a pre-Harappan Neolithic site.
50. Who among the following was the last ruler of the Mauryan dynasty?
(a) Ashoka
(b) Brihadratha
(c) Chandragupta Maurya
(d) Bindusara
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Answer: (b) Brihadratha
📖 Explanation:
- Brihadratha was the last ruler of the Mauryan dynasty, assassinated by Pushyamitra Shunga, who established the Shunga dynasty (✔).
- This marked the decline of Mauryan rule in India.
