India’s Energy Security & Strategic Petroleum Reserves (2025)

5️⃣2️⃣ India’s Energy Security & Strategic Petroleum Reserves (2025) ⚡🛢️

🔹 Introduction

India’s energy security is a critical factor in economic stability, industrial growth, and national security. With rising energy demand, fluctuating global oil prices, and geopolitical uncertainties, the government is focusing on renewable energy expansion, strategic petroleum reserves, and diversification of energy imports.

India is also investing in green hydrogen, nuclear energy, and energy-efficient technologies to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. However, challenges like supply chain vulnerabilities, dependence on Middle Eastern oil, and renewable energy intermittency persist.

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🔹 Key Developments in India’s Energy Security (2025)

✅ Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR) & Energy Stockpiling 🛢️

• India expands strategic petroleum reserves (SPR) capacity to over 10 million metric tons.
• New underground crude oil storage facilities developed in Odisha & Rajasthan.
• Emergency response framework established for supply disruptions.

✅ Diversification of Energy Imports & Trade Agreements 🚢

• Increased oil & gas imports from Russia, USA, and Latin America.
• Long-term LNG agreements signed with Qatar & Australia to secure energy needs.
• Expansion of India’s crude oil refining capacity to reduce import dependency.

✅ Renewable Energy & Nuclear Expansion ☀️

• India crosses 250 GW renewable energy capacity, focusing on solar & wind power.
• Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) developed to enhance nuclear power output.
• Grid storage and pumped hydro solutions deployed to manage renewable intermittency.

✅ Green Hydrogen & Future Energy Technologies 🔬

• India’s Green Hydrogen Mission targets 5 MMT hydrogen production by 2030.
• Electrolyzer manufacturing plants established for green hydrogen production.
• Pilot projects for hydrogen-based transport in metro cities.

✅ Challenges in India’s Energy Security ⚠️

• Geopolitical risks affecting oil & gas supply stability.
• Lack of infrastructure for large-scale hydrogen energy adoption.
• High costs associated with nuclear and renewable energy expansion.

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📌 Advanced 3-Statement-Based MCQs on India’s Energy Security (2025)

1️⃣ Consider the following statements regarding India’s Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR):

1. India’s SPR facilities are designed to store crude oil equivalent to at least 90 days of net imports.
2. New underground SPR storage facilities have been developed in Odisha and Rajasthan.
3. The SPR reserves can be accessed in case of international supply disruptions or economic crises.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

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2️⃣ Consider the following statements regarding India’s energy import diversification strategy:

1. India has signed long-term LNG agreements with Qatar and Australia to secure stable energy supplies.
2. India has completely phased out crude oil imports from the Middle East to reduce geopolitical risks.
3. India is increasing crude oil imports from Russia despite global sanctions.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

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3️⃣ Consider the following statements regarding India’s nuclear energy expansion:

1. Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are being developed to enhance nuclear power generation in India.
2. India has signed agreements with France and Russia for new nuclear reactor technology.
3. All of India’s nuclear energy comes from indigenous reactor technology without foreign assistance.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

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4️⃣ Consider the following statements regarding India’s Green Hydrogen Mission:

1. India’s Green Hydrogen Mission aims to produce 5 million metric tons (MMT) of green hydrogen by 2030.
2. Green hydrogen is produced using fossil fuels as the primary energy source.
3. India has developed electrolyzer manufacturing plants to support large-scale hydrogen production.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

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5️⃣ Consider the following statements regarding challenges in India’s energy security:

1. India’s dependence on imported oil makes it vulnerable to global supply shocks and price fluctuations.
2. Renewable energy intermittency requires better grid storage solutions to ensure a stable power supply.
3. India’s domestic coal reserves are expected to meet its energy needs for the next 50 years without imports.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

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🚀 Conclusion

India’s energy security strategy focuses on petroleum reserves, renewable expansion, and diversified imports, but geopolitical risks, infrastructure gaps, and high costs remain challenges. With strategic investments in green hydrogen, nuclear power, and smart energy solutions, India is working towards a secure and sustainable energy future.