events in the history of modern India

The key events in the history of modern India that are relevant for UPSC preparation include:

1. Revolt of 1857: Also known as the First War of Independence, the Revolt of 1857 marked a significant turning point in Indian history against British colonial rule. It led to the end of the East India Company’s rule and the beginning of direct British administration in India.
2. Socio-religious Reforms: The 19th century witnessed various socio-religious reform movements aimed at challenging social evils and promoting social reforms. Movements led by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, and Swami Vivekananda played a crucial role in shaping modern Indian society.
3. Indian National Congress: Founded in 1885, the Indian National Congress became the principal political party advocating for Indian independence. It played a pivotal role in the freedom struggle and the eventual attainment of independence in 1947.
4. Partition of Bengal (1905): The partition of Bengal by the British government in 1905 sparked widespread protests and nationalist sentiments. It led to the Swadeshi Movement and the rise of extremist leaders within the Indian National Congress.
5. Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22): Launched by Mahatma Gandhi, the Non-Cooperation Movement aimed at boycotting British goods, institutions, and titles. It marked a significant shift towards non-violent resistance and mass participation in the freedom struggle.
6. Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-34): Another major movement led by Gandhi, the Civil Disobedience Movement aimed at challenging British salt laws through the famous Salt March. It highlighted the power of non-violent protest and civil disobedience.
7. Quit India Movement (1942): Launched during World War II, the Quit India Movement called for the immediate withdrawal of British colonial rule from India. It marked a crucial phase in the freedom struggle and led to widespread arrests and protests.
8. Indian Independence Act 1947: The Indian Independence Act passed by the British Parliament in 1947 led to the partition of India and the creation of independent India and Pakistan. It marked the end of British colonial rule in the Indian subcontinent.

These key events in modern Indian history are crucial for UPSC preparation as they not only shaped the course of Indian independence but also influenced the socio-political landscape of the country in the post-independence era. Understanding these events in depth is essential for aspirants aiming to excel in the UPSC examination.