Question:
Consider the following statements about Naini Lake:
Naini Lake is a natural freshwater lake of glacial origin.
It is one of the four lakes in Kumaon hills, with Balia Nala as its main feeder stream.
The southern end of the lake, known as Mallital, hosts a bridge with Gandhi’s statue and a post office.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Tap here for Answer
Answer: c) 2 and 3 only
Explanation: Why in News: Naini Lake in Uttarakhand recorded a water level of 4.7 feet, the lowest in five years.
Statement 1: Incorrect. Naini Lake is of tectonic origin, not glacial.
Statement 2: Correct. It is among four major lakes in the Kumaon hills, and Balia Nala is its main feeder stream.
Statement 3: Correct. The southern end is called Tallital, which hosts a bridge with Gandhi’s statue and a post office—claimed to be the world’s only post office on a lake bridge.
2. Vibe Coding
Question:
With reference to “vibe coding,” consider the following statements:
It involves the use of generative AI to generate complete code based on natural language prompts.
The term was first coined by Elon Musk to describe AI-generated software design.
Vibe coding poses security concerns due to potential flaws in code generation.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Tap here for Answer
Answer: b) 1 and 3 only
Explanation: Why in News: Vibe coding recently became a trending topic in Silicon Valley after being coined by OpenAI co-founder Andrej Karpathy.
Statement 1: Correct. Vibe coding uses LLMs like ChatGPT to build complete apps from natural language prompts.
Statement 2: Incorrect. The term was coined by Andrej Karpathy, not Elon Musk.
Statement 3: Correct. Experts warn of security risks due to potentially flawed or misunderstood AI-generated code.
3. 9K33 Osa-AK Missile System
Question:
Which of the following statements about the 9K33 Osa-AK missile system is/are correct?
It is a high-altitude, long-range surface-to-air missile system.
It is fully amphibious and can relocate quickly due to its mobility.
It is known by the NATO reporting name “SA-8 Gecko.”
a) 1 and 3 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 2 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Tap here for Answer
Answer: b) 2 and 3 only
Explanation: Why in News: The Indian Army successfully tested the Osa-AK missile system during a live-fire exercise.
Statement 1: Incorrect. The system is low-altitude and short-range, not high-altitude or long-range.
Statement 2: Correct. It is fully amphibious, mobile, and can be redeployed rapidly.
Statement 3: Correct. NATO refers to it as the SA-8 Gecko.
4. Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG)
Question:
Under which of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution are the powers and functions of the CAG defined?
Article 148
Article 149
Article 151
Article 279
Select the correct answer using the code below:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1, 2 and 3 only
c) 1, 2, 3 and 4
d) 2, 3 and 4 only
Tap here for Answer
Answer: c) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation: Why in News: The CAG report raised concerns about vehicular air pollution monitoring in Delhi.
Article 148: Defines appointment and conditions of CAG.
Article 149: Specifies duties and powers of the CAG.
Article 151: Provides for presentation of audit reports to Parliament.
Article 279: Gives authority to certify ‘net proceeds’ of taxes.
5. FPI and SEBI Regulation
Question:
Which of the following are characteristics of Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI)?
It provides long-term strategic control over Indian firms.
It increases market liquidity but is highly sensitive to sentiments.
It is regulated in India by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
a) 2 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Tap here for Answer
Answer: a) 2 only
Explanation: Why in News: The Supreme Court asked an MP to approach SEBI regarding FPI and AIF transparency.
Statement 1: Incorrect. FPI is passive and short-term, unlike FDI.
Statement 2: Correct. FPI increases market liquidity but is volatile and sentiment-driven.
Statement 3: Incorrect. FPI is regulated by SEBI, not the RBI.
6. Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs)
Question:
Which of the following correctly matches the Category of AIFs with its characteristics?
Category I AIFs – High-risk, high-return, leveraged strategies
Category II AIFs – Real estate funds, debt funds, and PE funds
Category III AIFs – Includes hedge funds and PIPE funds
Category I AIFs – Invest in priority sectors and socially beneficial areas
Select the correct answer:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2, 3 and 4 only
c) 1, 3 and 4 only
d) 2 and 4 only
Tap here for Answer
Answer: b) 2, 3 and 4 only
Explanation: Why in News: The Supreme Court highlighted the need for regulatory scrutiny of AIFs alongside FPIs in India.
Statement 1: Incorrect.Category III, not Category I, uses high-risk and leveraged strategies.
Statement 2: Correct.Category II AIFs include real estate, debt, and private equity funds.
Statement 3: Correct.Category III AIFs include hedge funds and PIPE (Private Investment in Public Equity) funds.
Statement 4: Correct.Category I AIFs focus on government-prioritized sectors like SMEs and infrastructure.
7. Aircraft Objects Bill, 2025
Question:
Consider the following provisions of the Protection of Interests in Aircraft Objects Bill, 2025:
It enables the central government to make rules for implementing the Cape Town Convention.
It designates SEBI as the registry authority for aircraft registration.
It allows creditors to reclaim aviation assets within two months of default.
Which of the above are correct?
a) 1 and 3 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 2 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Tap here for Answer
Answer: a) 1 and 3 only
Explanation: Why in News: Rajya Sabha passed the Protection of Interests in Aircraft Objects Bill, 2025 to boost aviation leasing standards.
Statement 1: Correct. The bill empowers the central government to make rules to implement the Cape Town Convention.
Statement 2: Incorrect. The DGCA, not SEBI, is designated as the registry authority.
Statement 3: Correct. Creditors are allowed to reclaim aircraft/helicopters within two months of default.
8. INSV Tarini and Navika Sagar Parikrama II
Question:
Which of the following statements is/are true about INSV Tarini and the Navika Sagar Parikrama II?
The vessel is built in Goa and named after a temple in Odisha.
It is on a mission to cover around 23,400 nautical miles.
Cape Town was the first international stop in the voyage.
Select the correct answer:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Tap here for Answer
Answer: a) 1 and 2 only
Explanation: Why in News: INSV Tarini reached Cape Town, the final international stop of its circumnavigation mission.
Statement 1: Correct. Built by Aquarius Shipyard Ltd., Goa, and named after the Tara-Tarini shrine in Odisha.
Statement 2: Correct. The mission aims to cover 23,400 nautical miles across oceans.
Statement 3: Incorrect. Cape Town was the final stop, not the first. Fremantle (Australia) was the first.
9. Chile – Geography and Trade
Question:
Which of the following are correct about Chile?
It shares its western border with the Pacific Ocean.
It has sovereignty over Easter Island and the Juan Fernández Archipelago.
It lies outside the Pacific Ring of Fire and hence rarely experiences volcanic activity.
Select the correct answer:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Tap here for Answer
Answer: a) 1 and 2 only
Explanation: Why in News: India and Chile are negotiating a comprehensive trade agreement and collaborating on Antarctic exploration.
Statement 1: Correct. Chile lies along the Pacific Ocean to its west.
Statement 2: Correct. It exercises sovereignty over Easter Island and Juan Fernández Archipelago.
Statement 3: Incorrect. Chile lies within the Pacific Ring of Fire and is prone to volcanoes and earthquakes.
10. Sangama Dynasty and Vijayanagara Empire
Question:
Which of the following statements about the Sangama Dynasty is/are correct?
Harihara I and Bukka I founded the Vijayanagara Empire under this dynasty.
Deva Raya II earned the title “Gajabetegara” and ruled during foreign visits from Abdur Razzak and Nikitin.
Copper plates from Deva Raya I’s time mention the Varaha emblem as the dynasty’s official seal.
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Tap here for Answer
Answer: a) 1 and 2 only
Explanation: Why in News: Newly discovered copper plates from Deva Raya I’s reign shed light on the Sangama Dynasty’s genealogy and coronation rituals.
Statement 1: Correct.Harihara I and Bukka I founded the Vijayanagara Empire under the Sangama Dynasty.
Statement 2: Correct. Deva Raya II was known as Gajabetegara and hosted visitors like Abdur Razzak.
Statement 3: Incorrect. The copper plates from Deva Raya I’s reign uniquely depict Vamana, not Varaha, which was the usual symbol.
