Daily Current Affairs โ 28 July 2026
Daily Current Affairs ยท 28 July 2026
10 fully-analysed topics ยท 30 bilingual MCQs ยท 3 embedded videos ยท built for UPSC Prelims & Mains
๐ฏ 30 MCQs
๐ฌ 3 Videos
๐ฎ๐ณ Hindi + English
UPSC Current Affairs MCQ โ 28 July 2026
10 UPSC-standard bilingual MCQs covering today's top stories ยท 10-sec timer per question
Score yourself as you go. Get a feel for how UPSC-level questions are framed around the day's news.
Economy
PRAXIS Mission
NASA has selected PRAXIS (Planetary Rings Autonomous EXploration with In-situ Sampling) for Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) 2026 Phase I funding.
- Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology
- Humanity has never directly touched or collected particles from a planetary ring
- Nature of Saturn's Rings: Saturn's rings are composed mainly of water ice and contain particles ranging from microscopic grains to house-sizedโฆ
- Background: Although NASA's Cassini mission made groundbreaking discoveries about Saturn
Show 6 more facts
- About: PRAXIS would provide the first close-up observations of millimetre- to centimetre-sized particles, a capability Cassini lacked.
- Objective: The mission aims to measure the size, porosity, structure, and chemical composition of ring particles
- AI-Powered Robotic System: PRAXIS would use an AI-driven
- Sampling Method: Instead of flying directly through the hazardous ring environment
- Exploration of Multiple Regions: After retrieving and analysing a sample, the spacecraft would move to another section or gap in the rings
- Future Potential: During NIAC Phase I, the team will test PRAXIS through simulations and detailed system design
Which statement correctly describes PRAXIS Mission?
โ Correct! That fact belongs to this topic.
โ Not quite โ that fact is from another headline. The green option is right.
Economy
Saturn's Rings
A study challenges the belief that Saturn's rings are 100 million years old, suggesting they could be as old as the Solar System itself.
- Earlier assumptions based on Cassini spacecraft data suggested Saturn's rings were young due to their cleanliness
- Saturn has 146 moons and is a gas giant of hydrogen and helium.
- The main rings are A, B, and C, with the A ring easily visible through Earth-based telescopes. The Cassini Division separates the B and A rings.
- F Ring located outside the A ring, G and E Rings are much fainter, with the E ring being the largest ring.
Which statement correctly describes Saturn's Rings?
โ Correct! That fact belongs to this topic.
โ Not quite โ that fact is from another headline. The green option is right.
Economy
Methane in the Moons of Saturn
NASA's (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Cassini spacecraft had detected an unusually high concentration of methane
- It found that Titan has methane in its atmosphere and Enceladus has a liquid ocean with erupting plumes of gas and water.
- An international research team has used new statistical methods to understand if methanogenesis or methane production by microbes could explain theโฆ
- Findings: Cassini found ice particles, salts, hydrogen and organic molecules in the plumes, tentative hints of an ocean that is similar to Earth'sโฆ
- There is also evidence for alkaline hydrothermal vents on Enceladus' seafloor, similar to those that support methanogens in Earth's oceans.
Show 6 more facts
- Most of the methane on Earth has a biological origin. Microorganisms called methanogens are capable of generating methane as a metabolic byproduct.
- They do not require oxygen to live and are widely distributed in nature.
- They are found in swamps, dead organic matter, and even in the human gut.
- They are known to survive in high temperatures and simulation studies have shown that they can live in Martian conditions.
- Methanogens have been widely studied to understand if they can be a contributor to global warming.
- Methane could be formed by the chemical breakdown of organic matter present in Enceladus' core.
Which statement correctly describes Methane in the Moons of Saturn?
โ Correct! That fact belongs to this topic.
โ Not quite โ that fact is from another headline. The green option is right.
Economy
Artemis II Mission
NASA's Artemis II mission was launched on 1st April, 2026, as a vital crewed test flight to re-establish human presence beyond low-Earth orbit for the first time in over 5 decades.
- Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology
- About: NASA's Artemis II is the first crewed mission of the Artemis program and the first time humans will travel to the vicinity of the Moon sinceโฆ
- Crew Profile: The four-person crew includes several "firsts" for deep-space exploration: Reid Wiseman (Commander): A NASA veteran and former Chief ofโฆ
- Victor Glover (Pilot): First person of color to travel beyond low-Earth orbit.
Show 6 more facts
- Christina Koch (Mission Specialist): First woman to travel to the Moon's vicinity.
- Jeremy Hansen (Mission Specialist): A Canadian Space Agency (CSA) astronaut, he will be the first non-American to leave Earth's orbit.
- In orbital mechanics, a "slingshot"โmore formally known as a Gravity Assistโis a maneuver where a spacecraft uses the gravity and orbital motion of aโฆ
- made India the second country to have a spacecraft orbit the Mars after USA
- made India the only country to be successful in making its spacecraft orbit the Mars in its very first attempt
- Cassini-Huygens: Orbiting the Venus and transmitting data to the Earth
2. What is the significance of the O2O system being tested on Artemis II? The Orion Artemis II Optical Communications System (O2O) uses infraredโฆ
Which statement correctly describes Artemis II Mission?
โ Correct! That fact belongs to this topic.
โ Not quite โ that fact is from another headline. The green option is right.
Economy
Gen Z Protests: Redefining Democratic Participation in India
A wave of Generation Z-led demonstrations, spearheaded by the satirical yet influential Cockroach Janta Party (CJP), has emerged over allegedโฆ
- Drawing global comparisons with Gen Z-led political movements in Bangladesh
- Generation Z-led protests have emerged as a powerful force in India and globally
- Addressing youth disillusionment requires comprehensive reforms in education
- Generation Z (Gen Z): Also known as "Zoomers", is the demographic cohort that succeeds the Millennials and precedes Generation Alpha
Show 6 more facts
- Unlike traditional political movements, these protests are decentralised, digitally coordinated, and youth-driven.
- Several countries have witnessed policy reversals, government changes, and political reforms due to sustained youth mobilisation.
- Ideological Politics (1950sโ1960s): Youth movements were largely campus-centric and shaped by Left- and Right-wing student organisations such as SFIโฆ
- Naxalbari Movement (1967), influenced by Marxist-Leninist ideology, with active student participation.
- Jayaprakash Narayan (JP) Movement (1974โ75) against corruption and misuse of power.
- Student mobilisation contributed to the political developments preceding the Emergency (1975โ77).
Which statement correctly describes Gen Z Protests: Redefining Democraticโฆ?
โ Correct! That fact belongs to this topic.
โ Not quite โ that fact is from another headline. The green option is right.
๐ฐ Indian Economy MCQ Quiz ยท เคญเคพเคฐเคคเฅเคฏ เค เคฐเฅเคฅเคตเฅเคฏเคตเคธเฅเคฅเคพ
10 bilingual MCQs ยท Indian Economy ยท Members Only on YouTube
Today's rotation: Indian Economy. Take this break between news topics to sharpen the core concept.
History
Hunger Strikes as a Tool of Protest
Hunger strikes have always raised a series of complicated moral questions, such as whether it is appropriate to provide medicine against the will of a person on strike or if force-feeding could be a dangerous protocol.
- About: Hunger strikes are a form of protest involving the voluntary deprivation of food, sometimes also water.
- They are used to inspire, dissuade, or pressure others by highlighting injustices or demanding change.
- This form of protest can be seen as a last resort when other means of protest are unavailable or ineffective.
- Ancient Practices: The rules in pre-Christian Ireland provided for a troscad (fast) aimed at protesting against an unpayable debt
Show 6 more facts
- Kalhana's Rajatarangini (account of royal dynasties of ancient Kashmir) has also several mentions of hunger strikes against undesirable royal edictsโฆ
- Russian Political Prisoners (1870s): Used hunger strikes to protest prison conditions.
- Irish Republicans (1917-1920): Notable figures like Thomas Ashe and Terence MacSwiney died during hunger strikes
- Indian Freedom Fighters: Mahatma Gandhi: He described fasts as "a great weapon in the armoury of Satyagraha" and undertook this form of protest atโฆ
- Jatin Das (1929): Died after a 63-day hunger strike, highlighting the inhumane treatment of political prisoners.
- Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt: Protested poor prison conditions, drawing widespread support and media attention.
Which statement correctly describes Hunger Strikes as a Tool of Protest?
โ Correct! That fact belongs to this topic.
โ Not quite โ that fact is from another headline. The green option is right.
Polity
Assam Accord Road Map
The Assam government plans to develop a road map for implementing the recommendations of the Justice Biplab Kumar Sharma Committee regarding Clause 6 of the Assam Accord by 25th October, 2024.
- Clause 6: Clause 6 of the accord promises Constitutional
- The main aim was to protect the indigenous identity of the Assamese people
- The Assam Accord, signed in 1985, was a tripartite agreement between the Central Government, the Assam State Government, and leaders of the Assamโฆ
- It led to the introduction of Section 6A into the Citizenship Act, of 1955, exclusively for Assam.
Show 6 more facts
- Background: In July 2019, the Union Home Ministry constituted a 14-member committee to suggest ways to implement Clause 6 of the accord
- The committee completed its report in February 2020, and recommended that the definition of "Assamese people" should include: Indigenous Tribals
- Indian citizens residing in Assam on or before January 1, 1951, and their descendants,
- The 52 recommendations primarily focus on safeguards related to language, land, and cultural heritage.
- Key Points: Land: Establish Revenue Circles where only "Assamese people" can own and transfer land
- Conduct a special survey of char areas (riverine regions along the Brahmaputra) and prioritize erosion-affected people in land allotment.
Which statement correctly describes Assam Accord Road Map?
โ Correct! That fact belongs to this topic.
โ Not quite โ that fact is from another headline. The green option is right.
Economy
Bangladesh's Political Upheaval and Its Impact on India
The resignation of Sheikh Hasina as Prime Minister of Bangladesh marks a significant turning point in South Asian geopolitics.
- This upheaval could have far-reaching consequences not only for the region but also for India's national security.
- Protests and Unrest: Bangladesh has been engulfed in protests over job quota issues fueled by authoritarian policies and suppression of opposition
- Economic Challenges: Sheikh Hasina's departure raises concerns about the country's economic recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic
- Political Landscape: The Bangladesh Army is set to form an interim government, emphasising the fluidity of the situation
Show 6 more facts
- Disruption in Export Flow: Bangladesh's textile sector, which significantly contributes to its export revenue, is facing major disruptions
- Loss of a Trusted Ally: India has lost a key partner in Sheikh Hasina
- With Hasina's unpopularity growing, India may face backlash from Bangladeshi citizens who view India as an ally of the ousted leader
- The country acts as an important corridor for trade and transportation
- A stable and friendly Bangladesh is essential for regional security
- Bangladesh is India's biggest trade partner in South Asia and India is the second largest trade partner of Bangladesh in Asia
Which statement correctly describes Bangladesh's Political Upheaval and Itsโฆ?
โ Correct! That fact belongs to this topic.
โ Not quite โ that fact is from another headline. The green option is right.
Polity
NEET-UG 2026 Paper Leak: Crisis in Indiaโs Examination System
The National Testing Agency (NTA) cancelled the National Eligibility Entrance Test (NEET-UG) 2026 examination following allegations of a major paperโฆ
- The controversy has reignited concerns over transparency and systemic failures in India's exam ecosystem
- Structural and Statutory Limitations: The "Society" vs
- Without a dedicated, permanent institutional cadre, building a long-term "culture of secrecy" and specialized expertise in psychometrics and securityโฆ
- If one link in the chain breaks, the entire national system collapses
Show 6 more facts
- Outsourcing the Un-outsourcing-able: Critical tasks like printing, warehousing, and transportation are often outsourced to private third-party vendors
- "Center-Level" Weakness: Many national exams are held in private schools or "unverified" colleges that lack standardized security infrastructure (e.g.
- OMR Paradox: While OMR-based tests are cost-effective for millions
- Hacking vs. Leaking Trade-off: Transitioning to Computer-Based Testing (CBT) solves the physical paper-leak problem but introduces "remote-access"โฆ
- Digital Infrastructure Gap: India lacks enough government-owned, high-capacity digital testing centers
- The National Testing Agency can conduct computer-based tests for only around 1.5 lakh candidates in a single shift
Which statement correctly describes NEET-UG 2026 Paper Leak: Crisis in Indiaโsโฆ?
โ Correct! That fact belongs to this topic.
โ Not quite โ that fact is from another headline. The green option is right.
Polity
Public Examinations Amendment Bill, 2026 and Nandan Nilekani-Led Task Force on Exam Reforms
The Union Government launched a major reform drive in July 2026
- Harsher Imprisonment Terms: For individuals found guilty of offenses (like leaking papers or tampering with OMR sheets)
- For organized crime networks, the minimum fine has been increased from โน1 crore to a massive โน10 crore.
- The debarment period, during which they cannot participate in public exams, has been doubled from 4 years to 8 years.
- Time-Bound Investigations: All investigationsโwhether conducted by local police
Show 6 more facts
- Special Fast-Track Courts: State and UT governments must designate Courts of Session as Special Fast-Track Courts to hear these cases exclusively onโฆ
- The Government has constituted a high-powered task force chaired by Nandan Nilekani
- Mandate: To recommend next-generation reforms for India's public examination system by making examinations leak-proof
- The Ministry of Education constituted the 7-member High-Level Committee of Experts (HLCE) in June 2024, chaired by former ISRO Chairman Dr. K
- Mandate: To recommend reforms in the National Testing Agency (NTA)
- Structural Vulnerabilities and "Single Points of Failure": The current model of hyper-centralized paper setting
Which statement correctly describes Public Examinations Amendment Bill, 2026 and โฆ?
โ Correct! That fact belongs to this topic.
โ Not quite โ that fact is from another headline. The green option is right.
Simple Current Affairs MCQ โ 28 July 2026
10 accessible MCQs covering the same topics ยท great for quick revision
End your study session with these simpler MCQs to lock in recall of today's current affairs.







