31. The Third Battle of Panipat (1761) was fought between?
(a) Marathas and Mughals
(b) Marathas and Afghans
(c) Marathas and British
(d) Marathas and Rajputs
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Answer: (b) Marathas and Afghans
📖 Explanation: The Third Battle of Panipat (1761) was fought between the Marathas and Ahmad Shah Abdali’s Afghan forces. It resulted in a decisive Maratha defeat, weakening their influence in northern India.
32. Which of the following dynasties ruled over India before the Maurya Empire?
(a) Satavahana
(b) Nanda
(c) Gupta
(d) Rashtrakuta
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Answer: (b) Nanda
📖 Explanation: The Nanda Dynasty ruled before the Maurya Empire and was overthrown by Chandragupta Maurya with the help of Chanakya (Kautilya).
33. The famous Kalinga War was fought during the reign of which ruler?
(a) Chandragupta Maurya
(b) Ashoka
(c) Harsha
(d) Bindusara
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Answer: (b) Ashoka
📖 Explanation: Ashoka fought the Kalinga War (261 BCE), which resulted in massive bloodshed. Deeply moved, he embraced Buddhism and non-violence, spreading its teachings across Asia.
34. Which Mughal ruler is known for his autobiography Baburnama?
(a) Akbar
(b) Jahangir
(c) Babur
(d) Aurangzeb
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Answer: (c) Babur
📖 Explanation: Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire, wrote his autobiography Baburnama in Turkish, detailing his life, military campaigns, and experiences.
35. Who founded the city of Amritsar?
(a) Guru Nanak
(b) Guru Tegh Bahadur
(c) Guru Ram Das
(d) Guru Gobind Singh
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Answer: (c) Guru Ram Das
📖 Explanation: Guru Ram Das, the fourth Sikh Guru, founded the city of Amritsar in 1577, which later became the spiritual and cultural center of Sikhism.
36. Who led the Salt Satyagraha (Dandi March) in 1930?
(a) Sardar Patel
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Subhas Chandra Bose
(d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
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Answer: (b) Mahatma Gandhi
📖 Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi led the Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha) on March 12, 1930, covering 240 miles from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, to protest against the British salt tax.
37. Which Governor-General of India introduced the Permanent Settlement of Bengal?
(a) Lord Cornwallis
(b) Lord Wellesley
(c) Lord Dalhousie
(d) Lord Canning
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Answer: (a) Lord Cornwallis
📖 Explanation: Lord Cornwallis introduced the Permanent Settlement of Bengal (1793), which fixed land revenue permanently and created the Zamindari system, leading to landlordism in India.
38. The Indian National Army (INA) was founded by?
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) Subhas Chandra Bose
(c) Bhagat Singh
(d) Lala Lajpat Rai
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Answer: (b) Subhas Chandra Bose
📖 Explanation: Subhas Chandra Bose reorganized and led the Indian National Army (INA) during World War II, with the aim of liberating India from British rule.
39. The first Indian Factory Act (1881) was passed during the tenure of which Viceroy?
(a) Lord Ripon
(b) Lord Lytton
(c) Lord Canning
(d) Lord Curzon
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Answer: (a) Lord Ripon
📖 Explanation: Lord Ripon passed the Factory Act of 1881, which was the first labor law in India, regulating working conditions in factories, particularly for women and children.
40. The Treaty of Versailles (1919) was associated with which global event?
(a) First World War
(b) Second World War
(c) Cold War
(d) Russian Revolution
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Answer: (a) First World War
📖 Explanation: The Treaty of Versailles (1919) ended World War I, imposing harsh penalties on Germany, leading to its economic crisis and indirectly contributing to World War II.
