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Indian History MCQs 70 (For UPSC PSC and other prelims exams)

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91. Consider the following statements regarding the Third Battle of Panipat (1761):

  1. It was fought between the Marathas and the Durrani Empire led by Ahmad Shah Abdali.
  2. The Marathas emerged victorious, consolidating their dominance in North India.
  3. The battle led to a severe loss of life and economic decline in India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only

📖 Explanation:

  • The Third Battle of Panipat (1761) was fought between the Marathas and Ahmad Shah Abdali. ✅
  • The Marathas suffered a massive defeat, losing their influence in North India. ❌
  • The battle resulted in one of the largest casualties in Indian history and caused economic turmoil. ✅

92. With reference to the Anglo-Sikh Wars, consider the following statements:

  1. The First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-46) ended with the Treaty of Lahore.
  2. The British annexed Punjab after the Second Anglo-Sikh War (1849).
  3. Ranjit Singh successfully led the Sikhs in resisting British expansion.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • The First Anglo-Sikh War ended with the Treaty of Lahore (1846), weakening Sikh control. ✅
  • Punjab was formally annexed by the British after the Second Anglo-Sikh War (1849). ✅
  • Ranjit Singh died in 1839, and the Anglo-Sikh Wars occurred after his death. ❌

 

93. Consider the following statements regarding the administration of the Delhi Sultanate:

  1. The Sultan was the supreme authority and had absolute control over the administration.
  2. The Diwan-i-Arz was responsible for revenue collection.
  3. The Delhi Sultanate had a highly centralized system of governance.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (b) 1 and 3 only

📖 Explanation:

  • The Sultan was the supreme authority, holding control over military, administration, and justice. ✅
  • The Diwan-i-Arz was responsible for military affairs, not revenue collection (Diwan-i-Wizarat handled revenue). ❌
  • The Delhi Sultanate maintained a highly centralized administration with power concentrated in the hands of the Sultan. ✅

94. With reference to the Mongol invasions of India, consider the following statements:

  1. Alauddin Khilji successfully repelled multiple Mongol invasions.
  2. The Mongols captured and ruled Delhi for over a decade.
  3. The construction of Siri Fort was primarily for defense against Mongols.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (b) 1 and 3 only

📖 Explanation:

  • Alauddin Khilji successfully repelled multiple Mongol invasions through strategic military measures. ✅
  • The Mongols never captured Delhi; they only raided it but were driven back. ❌
  • Siri Fort was built by Alauddin Khilji as a defensive measure against Mongol invasions. ✅

95. Consider the following statements regarding the Rajput resistance to the Mughals:

  1. Maharana Pratap fought against Akbar in the Battle of Haldighati (1576).
  2. The Sisodia Rajputs of Mewar never accepted Mughal suzerainty.
  3. Rajput alliances with the Mughals played a significant role in Akbar’s empire-building.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (b) 1 and 3 only

📖 Explanation:

  • Maharana Pratap fought against Akbar in the Battle of Haldighati (1576) but continued guerrilla warfare after his defeat. ✅
  • Many Sisodia Rajputs, including Rana Amar Singh (son of Maharana Pratap), later accepted Mughal rule under Jahangir. ❌
  • Rajput alliances with the Mughals were crucial for Akbar’s administrative expansion and military campaigns. ✅

96. With reference to the trade policies of the Mughal Empire, consider the following statements:

  1. The Mughal Empire maintained extensive trade with Europe and the Middle East.
  2. Bengal was a major hub for textile exports.
  3. The Mughal state controlled all trade and banned private merchants from operating independently.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • The Mughal Empire had active trade relations with European and Middle Eastern merchants. ✅
  • Bengal was an important center for silk and muslin production, which were exported globally. ✅
  • Private merchants, including Indian and foreign traders, were allowed to operate, and trade was not monopolized by the state. ❌

97. Consider the following statements regarding Mughal paintings:

  1. Mughal paintings flourished under Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan.
  2. The Mughal style of painting was heavily influenced by Persian traditions.
  3. Aurangzeb was a great patron of Mughal paintings and encouraged its further development.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • Mughal painting reached its peak under Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan, with court painters producing detailed miniatures. ✅
  • The Mughal painting style blended Persian influences with Indian elements. ✅
  • Aurangzeb discouraged art and music, leading to the decline of Mughal painting. ❌

98. Consider the following statements regarding the administration of the Vijayanagara Empire:

  1. The empire was divided into administrative units called Nayankara.
  2. The king had absolute power, and there was no role for local chieftains in governance.
  3. The Vijayanagara rulers extensively patronized temple architecture.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only

📖 Explanation:

  • The Vijayanagara Empire was administratively divided into Nayankara provinces, governed by local chieftains. ✅
  • The king had supreme power, but local chieftains (Nayaks) had significant autonomy in administration. ❌
  • The empire patronized temple architecture, with notable structures like the Virupaksha and Vittala temples. ✅

99. With reference to the decline of the Mughal Empire, consider the following statements:

  1. Aurangzeb’s long military campaigns in the Deccan weakened the empire’s finances.
  2. The invasion of Nadir Shah in 1739 severely impacted Mughal prestige and economy.
  3. The British gained direct political control over Delhi immediately after the fall of Aurangzeb.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

📖 Explanation:

  • Aurangzeb’s prolonged Deccan campaigns exhausted the empire’s resources and destabilized administration. ✅
  • Nadir Shah’s invasion of Delhi in 1739 resulted in the plundering of wealth, weakening the empire. ✅
  • The British took direct control over Delhi in 1857, not immediately after Aurangzeb’s death in 1707. ❌

100. Consider the following statements regarding the Battle of Talikota (1565):

  1. It was fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and the combined forces of the Deccan Sultanates.
  2. The battle resulted in the complete destruction of Vijayanagara.
  3. The battle marked the end of the Hindu dominance in South India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Tap here for Answer

✅ Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only

📖 Explanation:

  • The Vijayanagara Empire faced a coalition of Deccan Sultanates in the Battle of Talikota. ✅
  • Although the capital city was sacked, the Vijayanagara kingdom continued under the Aravidu dynasty. ❌
  • The battle weakened Hindu dominance, allowing Muslim-ruled Deccan Sultanates to expand their influence. ✅

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